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  • Effects of multicomponent exercise on immunity, antibodies, and physical activity in older adults after COVID-19 vaccination: An RCT-feasibility study
    Publication . Ferreira, Bruna Maria Palotino; Furtado, Guilherme Eustáquio; Gomes, Antonio Felipe Souza; Amaral, Jônatas Bussador do; Rodrigues, Francisco; Silva, Albená Nunes; RossiMarcelo; Bachi, André Luís Lacerda; Oliveira, Juliana da Silva; Santos, Clarice Alves dos; Vasconcelos, Saulo
    Background Immunosenescence contributes to reduced vaccine responsiveness and chronic low-grade inflammation in olderadults. Although regular physical exercise has been associated with improved immune function, evidence regarding thefeasibility and immunological effects of multicomponent exercise training (MET) following COVID-19 vaccinationremains limited. This pilot randomized feasibility trial aimed to assess the feasibility of implementing a 10-week METprogram and to explore its effects on functional fitness, physical activity, anthropometric measures, lipid profile, andimmuno-inflammatory markers in community-dwelling older adults after COVID-19 vaccination. Methods Twenty-three community-dwelling older adults (≥60 years) completed this randomized pilot feasibility trial and wereallocated to either a MET group (n = 10) or a Behavior Change Program (BCP) group (n = 13). Both interventions lasted10 weeks. Pre- and post-intervention assessments included functional fitness (Short Physical Performance Battery),physical activity levels, anthropometric measures, lipid and protein profiles, immunoglobulins (IgA, IgM, IgG), andcytokines (IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, and IFN-γ). Results The intervention proved feasible, with satisfactory adherence among participants completing the program and noexercise-related adverse events. The MET group demonstrated significant improvements in functional fitness (p =0.002; d = 1.90). Although physical activity levels showed a positive trend, changes did not reach statistical significance.Significant reductions in IL-2, IL-6, and TNF-α were observed following MET (all p ≤ 0.05), whereas the BCP groupexhibited increased IL-6 concentrations together with higher IL-2/IL-10 and IL-6/IL-10 ratios, suggesting a shift towarda more pro-inflammatory profile. Moderate-to-large effect sizes were also observed for improvements in selected lipidparameters, although most biochemical changes were not statistically significant. Conclusions This pilot feasibility trial demonstrated that a 10-week multicomponent exercise program can be safely implementedin community-dwelling older adults following COVID-19 vaccination and provides preliminary evidence of beneficialeffects on functional fitness and selected immuno-inflammatory markers. Given the small sample size, these findingsshould be interpreted cautiously and confirmed in adequately powered randomized controlled trials.
    2026Artigo de investigação Acesso aberto Ver mais