A systematic review on the IEEE 1451 standards: Current status, challenges, and opportunities

Spencer, Geoffrey; Torres, Pedro; Gonçalves, Gil M.

http://hdl.handle.net/10400.11/10335

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Authors

Spencer, Geoffrey

Torres, Pedro

Gonçalves, Gil M.

Abstract(s)

Given the growth of different manufacturers with diverse hardware/software designs, the growth of transducers functionalities, and rising concerns toward heterogeneity, data security, and trustworthiness, the IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Society’s Technical Committee 9 on Sensor Technology (IM/ST-TC9-Sensor Technology) supported by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) formalized the IEEE 1451 family of standards. The standards were developed with the purpose of defining common interfaces for communication within transducers and different systems with plug-and-play (PnP) features, reducing configuration and deployment time. However, in the context of Industry 4.0 (I4.0), the standard fails to address emerging technologies toward Internet of Things (IoT) applications, artificial intelligence (AI), and remaining concerns related to cybersecurity, making it difficult to achieve widespread adoption in the industry sector. This article explores a systematic review using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses 2020 (PRISMA 2020) as a formal systematic literature review guideline to collect and analyze existing knowledge within the scope of the IEEE 1451 standard, examine potential improvements to the standard, and explore future directions to address the constraints identified and open new research opportunities. A total of 53 studies are analyzed, considering publications within the 2019 and 2025 time frame, with data being collected from the Web of Science (WoS), Scopus, and IEEE Xplore scientific database. Findings reveal a strong focus on smart transducers applications in the most diverse domains with interoperability concerns, such as integration with different standards, smart cities applications, environmental monitoring, as well as research on disseminating the adoption of the standards considering both the academic community and industry field while alsosuggesting adaptations/modifications of particular parameters to address evolving applications. Furthermore, a portion of the findings is centered on cybersecurity vulnerabilities and proposes solutions to enhance the robustness and resilience of systems employing the given standards.

Keywords

Cyber–physical systems (CPSs) cybersecurity IEEE 1451 Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) Industry 4.0 (I4.0) Interoperability

URI

http://hdl.handle.net/10400.11/10335

Citation

SPENCER, G. ; TORRES, Pedro ; GONÇALVES, Gil M. (2025) - A systematic review on the IEEE 1451 standards: Current status, challenges, and opportunities. IEEE Sensors Journal. Vol. 25, n.ª 19, p. 35735-35765.