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Publication
Combining raw and compositional data to determine the spatial patterns of potentially toxic elements in soils
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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
When considering complex scenarios involving several attributes, such as in environmental characterization, a
clearer picture of reality can be achieved through the dimensional reduction of data.
In this context, maps facilitate the visualization of spatial patterns of contaminant distribution and the identification
of enriched areas. A set, of 15 Potentially Toxic Elements (PTEs) – (As, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg,Mo, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se,
Tl, V, and Zn), was measured in soil, collected in Langreo's municipality (80 km2), Spain.
Relative enrichment (RE) is introduced here to refer to the proportion of elements present in a given context. Indeed,
a novel approach is provided for research into PTE fate. This method involves studying the variability of PTE
proportions throughout the study area, thereby allowing the identification of dissemination trends.
Traditional geostatistical approaches commonly use raw data (concentrations) accepting that the elements analyzedmake
up the entirety of the soil. However, in geochemical studies the analyzed elements are just a fraction
of the total soil composition. Therefore, considering compositional data is pivotal. The spatial characterization of
PTEs considering raw and compositional data together allowed a broad discussion about, not only the PTEs
concentration's distribution but also to reckon possible trends of relative enrichment (RE).
Transformations to open closed data are widely used for this purpose. Spatial patterns have an indubitable interest.
In this study, the Centered Log-ratio transformation (clr) was used, followed by its back-transformation, to
build a set of compositional data that, combined with raw data, allowed to establish the sources of the PTEs
and trends of spatial dissemination.
Description
Keywords
Soil pollution PTEs Compositional data Ordinary kriging Local G-clustering Relative enrichment
Pedagogical Context
Citation
BOENTE, C. [et al.] (2018) - Combining raw and compositional data to determine the spatial patterns of potentially toxic elements in soils. Science of The Total Environment. ISSN 0048-9697. Vol. 631–632, p. 1117-1126
Publisher
Elsevier