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O parto na água : um novo paradigma do nascer
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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
Nas últimas décadas, o parto na água tem ganho
importância junto da comunidade, principalmente
das grávidas/casal, apesar da existência de algumas
incertezas no que diz respeito à segurança do recém-nascido.
Atualmente, relativamente ao nascimento na
água, constata-se que existe uma grande controvérsia
entre os profissionais de saúde, nomeadamente entre
enfermeiros e médicos.
A evidência não demarca ao certo os riscos da imersão
em água durante o trabalho de parto e nascimento
(Camargo, et al., 2018). Contudo, a maioria dos autores
associa a imersão em água quente durante o trabalho
de parto e parto a um aumento do relaxamento e
diminuição da dor para a parturiente, tornando a
mulher mais ativa e assim o parto mais humanizado,
combatendo a vertente atual em que este é cada vez
mais medicalizado.
O parto humanizado requer que os cuidados prestados
sejam focados nas necessidades da mulher e não nos
procedimentos e normas técnicas (Porto, Costa, &
Velloso, 2015). Deste modo o objetivo geral definido
é compreender a relação entre o parto humanizado
e o parto na água, verificando-se uma lacuna no
que diz respeito ao conhecimento e compreensão
relativamente às experiências das mulheres que
optaram por este tipo de parto, sendo que a revisão da
literatura efetuada teve por base a vigilância pré-natal,
o plano de parto, o parto humanizado e o parto na água
(Lewis, et al., 2018).
As mulheres com gravidez de baixo risco, em
muitos países, podem optar por este método não
farmacológico. Muitos dos investigadores concluíram
que os dados sobre o parto na água são insuficientes
para concluir os benefícios e riscos desta prática,
contudo as evidências acerca desta ser segura são cada
vez maiores.
A imersão em água durante o primeiro estadio do
trabalho de parto pode estar relacionada com uma
redução da dor, do uso de analgesia e da duração do
trabalho de parto. Contudo, a segurança e eficácia
no que diz respeito ao período expulsivo não foi bem
estabelecida. Alguns autores afirmam que este tipo
de parto deve ser considerado um procedimento
experimental (American Academy of Pediatrics, 2014).
O parto na água requer que sejam cumpridos
protocolos rigorosos, que haja uma adequada seleção
das gestantes, limpeza e desinfeção do material
utilizado e uma monitorização da mãe e do bebé em
intervalos apropriados. A principal meta no parto na
água é alcançar a segurança da parturiente e recémnascido
durante o parto (American Academy of
Pediatrics, 2014; Pereira, 2016).
ABSTRACT: Over the last few decades, water birth has gained importance among the community, especially among pregnant women/couples, despite the existence of some uncertainties regarding the safety of the newborn. Nowadays, in relation to water birth, there is a great controversy among health professionals, especially nurses and doctors. The evidence does not demarcate the risks of immersion in water during labor and birth (Camargo, et al., 2018). However, most authors associate immersion in hot water during labor and birth with increased relaxation and pain reduction for the woman in labor, thus assuming a more active role, which leads to a more humanized childbirth, fighting the current trend in which it is increasingly medicalized. Humanized childbirth requires that the care provided is focused on the needs of the woman and not on the technical procedures and norms (Porto, Costa, & Velloso, 2015). Thus, the general objective is to understand the relationship between humanized childbirth and water birth, being that there is a gap in knowledge and understanding of the experiences of women who have chosen this type of labor, so the review of the literature was based on the prenatal surveillance, birth plan, humanized childbirth and water birth (Lewis, et al., 2018). Women with low-risk pregnancies, in many countries, may opt for this non-pharmacological method. Many of the researchers have concluded that data on water birth are insufficient to outline the benefits and risks of this practice, but the evidence for its safety is increasing. Immersion in water during the first stage of labor may be related to reduced pain, the use of analgesia, and duration of labor. However, safety and efficacy with regard to the expulsion period has not been well established. Some authors state that this type of delivery should be considered an experimental procedure (American Academy of Pediatrics, 2014). Water birth requires strict protocols, an adequate selection of pregnant women, cleaning and disinfection of the material used, and monitoring of the mother and baby at appropriate intervals. The main goal in water birth is to achieve the safety of both the parturient and the newborn during labor (American Academy of Pediatrics, 2014; Pereira, 2016).
ABSTRACT: Over the last few decades, water birth has gained importance among the community, especially among pregnant women/couples, despite the existence of some uncertainties regarding the safety of the newborn. Nowadays, in relation to water birth, there is a great controversy among health professionals, especially nurses and doctors. The evidence does not demarcate the risks of immersion in water during labor and birth (Camargo, et al., 2018). However, most authors associate immersion in hot water during labor and birth with increased relaxation and pain reduction for the woman in labor, thus assuming a more active role, which leads to a more humanized childbirth, fighting the current trend in which it is increasingly medicalized. Humanized childbirth requires that the care provided is focused on the needs of the woman and not on the technical procedures and norms (Porto, Costa, & Velloso, 2015). Thus, the general objective is to understand the relationship between humanized childbirth and water birth, being that there is a gap in knowledge and understanding of the experiences of women who have chosen this type of labor, so the review of the literature was based on the prenatal surveillance, birth plan, humanized childbirth and water birth (Lewis, et al., 2018). Women with low-risk pregnancies, in many countries, may opt for this non-pharmacological method. Many of the researchers have concluded that data on water birth are insufficient to outline the benefits and risks of this practice, but the evidence for its safety is increasing. Immersion in water during the first stage of labor may be related to reduced pain, the use of analgesia, and duration of labor. However, safety and efficacy with regard to the expulsion period has not been well established. Some authors state that this type of delivery should be considered an experimental procedure (American Academy of Pediatrics, 2014). Water birth requires strict protocols, an adequate selection of pregnant women, cleaning and disinfection of the material used, and monitoring of the mother and baby at appropriate intervals. The main goal in water birth is to achieve the safety of both the parturient and the newborn during labor (American Academy of Pediatrics, 2014; Pereira, 2016).
Description
Keywords
Parto normal Parto humanizado Recém-nascido Água Trabalho de parto Natural childbirth Humanizing delivery Newborn Water Labor obstetric
Citation
NOGUEIRA, Alexandra [et al.] (2019) - O parto na água : um novo paradigma do nascer. HHIGEIA : Revista Científica da Escola Superior de Saúde Dr. Lopes Dias. ISSN 2184-5565. Ano I, vol. 1, n.º 1, p. 31-48.
Publisher
IPCB. ESALD