Browsing by Author "Casali, Javier"
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- Hydrological signatures based on event runoff coefficients in rural catchments of the Iberian PeninsulaPublication . Taguas, Encarnación V.; Nadal-Romero, Estela; Ayuso, José L.; Casali, Javier; Cid, Patricio; Dafonte, Jorge; Duarte, A.C.; Ferreira, Carla; Giménez, Rafael; Giráldez, Juan V.; Gómez-Macpherson, Helena; Gómez, José A.; González-Hidalgo, J. Carlos; Lana-Renault, Noemí; Lucía, Ana; Mateos, Luciano; Pérez, Rafael; Rodríguez-Blanco, M.L.; Schnabel, Susanne; Serrano-Muela, M. Pilar; Taboada-Castro, M. Mercedes; Taboada-Castro, M. Teresa; Zabaleta, AneHydrological signatures are indices that help to describe the behavior of catchments. These indices can also be used to transfer information from gauged to ungauged catchments. In this study, different approaches were evaluated to determine volumetric runoff coefficients in 18 small/medium experimental gauged catchments of the Iberian Peninsula and to fit runoff calculations based on precipitation data for gauged and ungauged catchments. Using data derived from 1962 events, rainfall-runoff relationships were characterized and compared in order to evaluate the various hydrological response patterns. Volumetric runoff coefficients and cumulative runoff and precipitation ratios of the events that generated runoff (Rcum) minimized the root mean square error. A linear fit for the estimation of Rcum in ungauged catchments was based on mean annual precipitation, rates of infiltration, the fraction of forest-land use, and the catchment channel length. Despite high catchment heterogeneity, Rcum resulted in a suitable parameter to evaluate hydrological variability in rural gauged and ungauged catchments. In 50% of the catchments, the precipitation accounted for less than 50% of the runoff variation. Annual precipitation, antecedent rainfall, and base flow did not have a high significance in rainfall-runoff relationships, which illustrates the heterogeneity of hydrological responses. Our results highlight the need for signature characterizations of small/medium rural catchments because they are the sources of runoff and sediment discharge into rivers, and it is more economical and efficient to take action to mitigate runoff in rural locations.
- Relationship of weather types on the seasonal and spatial variability of rainfall, runoff, and sediment yield in the Western Mediterranean BasinPublication . Peña-Angulo, D.; Nadal-Romero, Estela; González-Hidalgo, J. Carlos; Albaladejo, J.; Andreu, V.; Barhi, H.; Bernal, S.; Biddoccu, M.; Bienes, R.; Campo, J.; Campo-Bescós, M.A.; Duarte, A.C.; Cantón, Y.; Casali, Javier; Castillo, V.; Cavallo, E.; Cerdà, A.; Cid, Patricio; Cortesi, Noemi; Desir, G.; Díaz-Pereira, E.; Espigares, T.; Estrany, J.; Farguell, J.; Fernández-Raga, M.; Ferreira, Carla; Ferro, V.; Gallart, Francesc; Giménez, Rafael; Gimeno, E.; Gómez, José A.; Gómez-Gutiérrez, A.; Gómez-Macpherson, Helena; González-Pelayo, O.; Kairis, O.; Karatzas, G.P.; Keesstra, S.; Klotz, Sébastien; Kosmas, C.; Lana-Renault, Noemí; Lasanta, T.; Latron, J.; Lázaro, R.; Le Bissonnais, Y.; Le Bouteiller, Caroline; Licciardello, F.; López-Tarazón, J.A.; Lucía, Ana; Marín-Moreno, V.M.; Marín, C.; Marqués, M.J.; Martínez-Fernández, J.; Martínez-Mena, M.; Mateos, Luciano; Mathys, Nicole; Merino-Martín, L.; Moreno de las Heras, M.; Moustakas, N.; Nicolau, J.M.; Pampalone, V.; Raclot, D.; Rodríguez-Blanco, M.L.; Rodrigo-Comino, J.; Romero-Díaz, A.; Ruiz-Sinoga, J.D.; Rubio, J.L.; Schnabel, Susanne; Senciales-González, J.M.; Solé-Benet, A.; Taguas, Encarnación V.; Taboada-Castro, M. Teresa; Taboada-Castro, M. Mercedes; Todisco, F.; Úbeda, X.; Varouchakis, E.A.; Wittenberg, L.; Zabaleta, A.; Zorn, M.Rainfall is the key factor to understand soil erosion processes, mechanisms, and rates. Most research was conducted to determine rainfall characteristics and their relationship with soil erosion (erosivity) but there is little information about how atmospheric patterns control soil losses, and this is important to enable sustainable environmental planning and risk prevention. We investigated the temporal and spatial variability of the relationships of rainfall, runoff, and sediment yield with atmospheric patterns (weather types, WTs) in the western Mediterranean basin. For this purpose, we analyzed a large database of rainfall events collected between 1985 and 2015 in 46 experimental plots and catchments with the aim to: (i) evaluate seasonal differences in the contribution of rainfall, runoff, and sediment yield produced by the WTs; and (ii) to analyze the seasonal efficiency of the different WTs (relation frequency and magnitude) related to rainfall, runoff, and sediment yield. The results indicate two different temporal patterns: the first weather type exhibits (during the cold period: autumn and winter) westerly flows that produce the highest rainfall, runoff, and sediment yield values throughout the territory; the second weather type exhibits easterlyflowsthatpredominateduringthewarmperiod(springandsummer)anditislocatedonthe MediterraneancoastoftheIberianPeninsula. However,thecyclonicsituationspresenthighfrequency throughout the whole year with a large influence extended around the western Mediterranean basin. Contrary, the anticyclonic situations, despite of its high frequency, do not contribute significantly to thetotalrainfall,runoff,andsediment(showingthelowestefficiency)becauseofatmosphericstability that currently characterize this atmospheric pattern. Our approach helps to better understand the relationship of WTs on the seasonal and spatial variability of rainfall, runoff and sediment yield with a regional scale based on the large dataset and number of soil erosion experimental stations.
- Spatial variability of the relationships of runoff and sediment yield with weather types throughout the Mediterranean basinPublication . Peña-Angulo, D.; Nadal-Romero, Estela; González-Hidalgo, J. Carlos; Albaladejo, J.; Andreu, V.; Bagarello, V.; Barhi, H.; Batalla, R.J.; Bernal, S.; Bienes, R.; Campo, J.; Campo-Bescós, M.A.; Duarte, A.C.; Cantón, Y.; Casali, Javier; Castillo, V.; Cerdà, A.; Cheggour, A.; Cid, Patricio; Cortesi, N.; Desir, G.; Díaz-Pereira, E.; Espigares, T.; Estrany, J.; Fernández-Raga, M.; Ferreira, Carla; Ferro, V.; Gallart, Francesc; Giménez, Rafael; Gimeno, E.; Gómez, José A.; Gómez-Gutiérrez, A.; Gómez-Macpherson, Helena; González-Pelayo, O.; Hueso-González, P.; Kairis, O.; Karatzas, G.P.; Klotz, Sébastien; Kosmas, C.; Lana-Renault, Noemí; Lasanta, T.; Latron, J.; Lázaro, R.; Le Bissonnais, Y.; Le Bouteiller, Caroline; Licciardello, F.; López-Tarazón, J.A.; Lucía, Ana; Marín, C.; Marqués, M.J.; Martínez-Fernández, J.; Martínez-Mena, M.; Martínez-Murillo, J.F.; Mateos, Luciano; Mathys, Nicole; Merino-Martín, L.; Moreno de las Heras, M.; Moustakas, N.; Nicolau, J.M.; Novara, A.; Pampalone, V.; Raclot, D.; Rodríguez-Blanco, M.L.; Rodrigo-Comino, J.; Romero-Díaz, A.; Roose, E.; Rubio, J.L.; Ruiz-Sinoga, J.D.; Schnabel, Susanne; Senciales-González, J.M.; Simonneaux, V.; Solé-Benet, A.; Taguas, Encarnación V.; Taboada-Castro, M. Mercedes; Taboada-Castro, M. Teresa; Todisco, F.; Úbeda, X.; Varouchakis, E.A.; Vericat, D.; Wittenberg, L.; Zabaleta, A.; Zorn, M.Soil degradation by water is a serious environmental problem worldwide, with specific climatic factors being the major causes. We investigated the relationships between synoptic atmospheric patterns (i.e. weather types, WTs) and runoff, erosion and sediment yield throughout the Mediterranean basin by analyzing a large database of natural rainfall events at 68 research sites in 9 countries. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was used to identify spatial relationships of the different WTs including three hydro-sedimentary variables: rainfall, runoff, and sediment yield (SY, used to refer to both soil erosion measured at plot scale and sediment yield registered at catchment scale). The results indicated 4 spatial classes of rainfall and runoff: (a) northern sites dependent on North (N) and North West (NW) flows; (b) eastern sites dependent on E and NE flows; (c) southern sites dependent on S and SE flows; and, finally, (d) western sites dependent on W and SW flows. Conversely, three spatial classes are identified for SY characterized by: (a) N and NE flows in northern sites (b) E flows in eastern sites, and (c) Wand SW flows in western sites. Most of the rainfall, runoff and SY occurred during a small number of daily events, and just a few WTs accounted for large percentages of the total. Our results confirm that characterization by WT improves understanding of the general conditions under which runoff and SY occur, and provides useful information for understanding the spatial variability of runoff, and SY throughout the Mediterranean basin. The approach used here could be useful to aid of the design of regional water management and soil conservation measures.