Browsing by Author "Machado, Carla"
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- Assessing chronic wasting disease risk in PortugalPublication . Pinto, Madalena Vieira; Bastos, Estela; Gonçalves-Anjo, Nuno; Rocha, Sara; Matos, Ana Cristina; Orge, Leonor; Machado, Carla; Silva, João; Mendonça, Paula; Carvalho, Paulo; Tavares, Paula; Lima, Carla; Alves, Anabela; Esteves, Alexandra; Pinto, Maria de Lurdes; Pires, Isabel; Gama, Adelina; Sargo, Roberto; Silva, Filipe; Seixas, Fernanda; Pires, Maria dos Anjos
- Chronic wasting disease (CWD) risk assessment in Portugal : The genetic approach to study prion protein gene (PRNP) variability in Portuguese populations of three cervid species: red deer, fallow deer and roe deer.Publication . Pereira, Jorge C.; Gonçalves-Anjo, Nuno; Bastos, Estela; Rocha, Sara; Figueira, Luís; Matos, Ana Cristina; Machado, Carla; Silva, João; Mendonça, Paula; Carvalho, Paulo; Tavares, Paula; Lima, Carla; Alves, Anabela; Esteves, Alexandra; Pinto, Maria de Lurdes; Pires, Isabel; Gama, Adelina; Sargo, Roberto; Silva, Filipe; Seixas, Fernanda; Pinto, Madalena Vieira; Orge, Leonor; Pires, Maria dos AnjosAmong the transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs), chronic wasting disease (CWD) in cervids is now the rising concern in wildlife within Europe, after the first case was detected in Norway in 2016, in a wild reindeer and until October 2021, a total of 34 cases were described in Norway, Sweden and Finland.
- Chronic wasting disease risk assessment in Portugal - Genetic variability preliminary results and future perspectivesPublication . Pereira, Jorge C.; Gonçalves-Anjo, Nuno; Bastos, Estela; Rocha, Sara; Figueira, Luís; Matos, Ana Cristina; Machado, Carla; Silva, João; Mendonça, Paula; Carvalho, Paulo; Tavares, Paula; Lima, Carla; Alves, Anabela; Esteves, Alexandra; Pinto, Maria de Lurdes; Pires, Isabel; Gama, Adelina; Sargo, Roberto; Silva, Filipe; Seixas, Fernanda; Pinto, Madalena Vieira; Orge, Leonor; Pires, Maria dos Anjos
- Chronic wasting disease risk assessment in Portugal - setting up a projectPublication . Orge, Leonor; Machado, Carla; Silva, João; Mendonça, Paula; Carvalho, Paulo; Tavares, Paula; Lima, Carla; Alves, Anabela; Bastos, Estela; Esteves, Alexandra; Figueira, Luís; Matos, Ana Cristina; Pinto, Maria de Lurdes; Pires, Isabel; Gama, Adelina; Sargo, Roberto; Silva, Filipe; Seixas, Fernanda; Pinto, Madalena Vieira; Pires, Maria dos Anjos
- Doença emaciante crónica dos cervídeos- Qual o risco em Portugal?Publication . Pinto, Madalena Vieira; Bastos, Estela; Gonçalves-Anjo, Nuno; Rocha, Sara; Figueira, Luís; Matos, Ana Cristina; Machado, Carla; Silva, João; Mendonça, Paula; Carvalho, Paulo; Tavares, Paula; Lima, Carla; Alves, Anabela; Esteves, Alexandra; Gama, Adelina; Seixas, Fernanda; Silva, Filipe; Pires, Isabel; Pinto, Maria de Lurdes; Sargo, Roberto; Orge, Leonor; Pires, Maria dos Anjos
- Genetic approach to the sequence of the prnp gene in Portuguese cervids speciesPublication . Gonçalves-Anjo, Nuno; Bastos, Estela; Rocha, Sara; Pereira, Jorge C.; Figueira, Luís; Matos, Ana Cristina; Machado, Carla; Silva, João; Mendonça, Paula; Carvalho, Paulo; Tavares, Paula; Lima, Carla; Alves, Anabela; Esteves, Alexandra; Pinto, Maria de Lurdes; Pires, Isabel; Gama, Adelina; Sargo, Roberto; Silva, Filipe; Seixas, Fernanda; Pinto, Madalena Vieira; Orge, Leonor; Pires, Maria dos Anjos
- Neuropathology of animal prion diseasesPublication . Orge, Leonor; Lima, Carla; Machado, Carla; Tavares, Paula; Mendonça, Paula; Carvalho, Paulo; Silva, João; Pinto, Maria de Lurdes; Bastos, Estela; Pereira, Jorge C.; Gonçalves-Anjo, Nuno; Gama, Adelina; Esteves, Alexandra; Alves, Anabela; Matos, Ana Cristina; Seixas, Fernanda; Silva, Filipe; Pires, Isabel; Figueira, Luís; Pinto, Madalena Vieira; Sargo, Roberto; Pires, Maria dos AnjosTransmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies (TSEs) or prion diseases are a fatal group of infectious, inherited and spontaneous neurodegenerative diseases affecting human and animals. They are caused by the conversion of cellular prion protein (PrPC) into a misfolded pathological isoform (PrPSc or prion- proteinaceous infectious particle) that self-propagates by conformational conversion of PrPC. Yet by an unknown mechanism, PrPC can fold into different PrPSc conformers that may result in different prion strains that display specific disease phenotype (incubation time, clinical signs and lesion profile). Although the pathways for neurodegeneration as well as the involvement of brain inflammation in these diseases are not well understood, the spongiform changes, neuronal loss, gliosis and accumulation of PrPSc are the characteristic neuropathological lesions. Scrapie affecting small ruminants was the first identified TSE and has been considered the archetype of prion diseases, though atypical and new animal prion diseases continue to emerge highlighting the importance to investigate the lesion profile in naturally affected animals. In this report, we review the neuropathology and the neuroinflammation of animal prion diseases in natural hosts from scrapie, going through the zoonotic bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), the chronic wasting disease (CWD) to the newly identified camel prion disease (CPD).
- Scrapie at abattoir: monitoring, control, and differential diagnosis of wasting conditions during meat InspectionPublication . Esteves, Alexandra; Pinto, Madalena Vieira; Quintas, Hélder; Orge, Leonor; Gama, Adelina; Alves, Anabela; Seixas, Fernanda; Pires, Isabel; Pinto, Maria de Lurdes; Mendonça, Paula; Lima, Carla; Machado, Carla; Silva, João; Tavares, Paula; Silva, Filipe; Bastos, Estela; Pereira, Jorge C.; Gonçalves-Anjo, Nuno; Carvalho, Paulo; Sargo, Roberto; Matos, Ana Cristina; Figueira, Luís; Pires, Maria dos AnjosWasting disease in small ruminants is frequently detected at slaughterhouses. The wasting disorder is manifested by the deterioration of the nutritional and physiological state of the animal indicated by thinness, emaciation, and cachexia. Evidence of emaciation and cachexia, alone, are pathological conditions leading to carcass condemnation during an inspection. Several diseases are associated with a wasting condition, including scrapie, pseudotuberculosis, tuberculosis, paratuberculosis, Maedi Visna, and tumor diseases. On the other hand, parasitic diseases, nutrition disorders, exposure or ingestion of toxins, metabolic conditions, inadequate nutrition due to poor teeth, or poor alimentary diet are conditions contributing to poor body condition. Classical and atypical scrapie is naturally occurring transmissible spongiform encephalopathies in small ruminants. The etiological agent for each one is prions. However, each of these scrapie types is epidemiologically, pathologically, and biochemically different. Though atypical scrapie occurs at low incidence, it is consistently prevalent in the small ruminant population. Hence, it is advisable to include differential diagnosis of this disease, from other possibilities, as a cause of wasting conditions detected during meat inspection at the abattoir. This manuscript is a review of the measures in force at the abattoir for scrapie control, focusing on the differential diagnosis of gross lesions related to wasting conditions detected in small ruminants during meat inspection.
- TSE monitoring in wildlife epidemiology, transmission, diagnosis, genetics and controlPublication . Machado, Carla; Orge, Leonor; Pires, Isabel; Gama, Adelina; Esteves, Alexandra; Mendonça, Paula; Matos, Ana Cristina; Alves, Anabela; Lima, Carla; Bastos, Estela; Seixas, Fernanda; Silva, Filipe; Silva, João; Figueira, Luís; Pinto, Madalena Vieira; Pinto, Maria de Lurdes; Gonçalves-Anjo, Nuno; Tavares, Paula; Carvalho, Paulo; Sargo, Roberto; Pires, Maria dos AnjosAmong the transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs), chronic wasting disease (CWD) in cervids is now the rising concern within Europe. CWD will be outlined in this chapter gathering its epidemiology, transmission, diagnosis, genetics, and control. Prion diseases are fatal neurodegenerative diseases characterized by the accumulation of an abnormal isoform of the prion protein (PrPc), usually designated by PrPsc or prion. CWD is a prion disease of natural transmission affecting cervids detected mainly in North America. The first European case was detected in Norway, in 2016, in a wild reindeer; until April 2018, a total of 23 cases were described. The definite diagnosis is postmortem, performed in target areas of the brain and lymph nodes. Samples are first screened using a rapid test and, if positive, confirmed by immunohistochemistry and Western immunoblotting. It is not possible to establish a culling plan based on the genotype, once affected animals appear with all genotypes. However, some polymorphisms seem to result in longer incubation periods or confer a reduced risk. The control is not easy in captive cervids and even more in the wildlife; some recommendations have been proposed in order to understand the danger and impact of CWD on animal and public health.