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- The new millenium: The beginning of the Portuguese ev industry from an industrial design perspective?Publication . Santos, RicardoThis study is grounded in the field of Industrial Design, examining how early electrification initiatives contributed to the development of automotive design capabilities in Portugal. It presents preliminary findings from postdoctoral research exploring the early stages of electrification in the Portuguese automotive industry during the beginning of the 21st century. It examines key initiatives such as the P3 Project, CEIIA (Centre for Excellence and Innovation in the Automotive Industry), and CEDP (Product Engineering and Development Centre), which aimed to position Portugal as a hub for niche small electric vehicles (SEVs) while developing local capabilities in product design, engineering, and R&D.Although this work stems from a broader postdoctoral investigation, it represents a preliminary academic study focused on the development of design capabilities within educational contexts. These capabilities are intended to be transferred to the industrial ecosystem through the integration of trained professionals, reinforcing the long-term in-novation capacity of the Portuguese mobility sector.The paper also highlights the challenges faced, such as systemic lock-in effects and insufficient national support, which hin-dered the full potential of these initiatives. Nonetheless, the legacy of these projects continues, notably through CEIIA’s role in developing multiple electric vehicles in recent years. This analysis concludes that the early 2000s marked the beginning of Portugal’s engagement with the EV indus-try, fostering the development of product design and engineering capabilities crucial for future advancements in electric mobility.