Browsing by Author "Silva, J.A. Mendes da"
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- Adapting portuguese architecture to former african colonies climate conditionsPublication . Ferreira, Ana Vaz; Silva, J.A. Mendes daThe Portuguese architecture is borderless due to the colonialism period. Many African countries can testify this influence and the cities still sprawling around remaining old buildings. These constructions are characterized by using local resources and adapting Portuguese architecture to the climatic characteristics and answering local natural hazards. The work developed presents a systematic approach about the constructive changes, identifying the solutions adopted for answering climatic demands. The passive solar systems used were categorized and some examples were selected according to examples found in African cities with Portuguese influence as Beira (Mozambique), Lubango, Namibe and Luanda (Angola) and Praia (Cape Verde). This analysis encompasses strategies to improve thermal behavior of buildings, as ventilation trough the analysis of ventilated roofs or windows geometry, shadowing devices as large eaves, brises and second facades, among other issues. The local construction was also analyzed in order to find out traditional techniques for cooling buildings in a natural way.
- Analysis of solar passive parameters application to housing buildingPublication . Ferreira, Ana Vaz; Silva, J.A. Mendes da; Abrantes, VitorThe paper presents a methodology of evaluation of buildings’ solar passive performance. This methodology was developed in agreement with quality levels for thermal parameters which were chosen according to the construction’s solar passive behaviour and the regulamentary concepts. A comparative study was organised in the context of a recently finished master’s dissertation between the legal frames of three European countries, giving special emphasis to the Portuguese case. The results of this study allowed the conclusion that it has become essential to combine minimum regulation values to methodologies that grant an evaluation and qualification of a building in terms of its thermal performance
- Building's rehabilitation towards sustainable behaviourPublication . Silva, J.A. Mendes da; Ferreira, Ana VazTo achieve a sustainable building’s behaviour and preserve the environmental balance, three laws must be taken into account: (i) the resources’ consume must not be faster than the rate at which nature can restock them, (ii) the creation of systems that consume maximum energy-quality and (iii) the maximization of the use of renewable and recycled materials. Therefore, the buildings’ rehabilitation process must increase, instead of the proliferation of new buildings, in order to provide the sustainability of the built environment and minimize its ecological impact. The sustainable rehabilitation process is even more difficult in historical areas, in general sited in central zones of the urban mesh, with fragile comfort conditions and a rigid structure. In this paper, different evaluation tools for sustainable buildings were analysed in order to provide a set of evaluation criteria to be applied in the rehabilitation process in historical zones.
- Built environment: the sustainability of heritagePublication . Silva, J.A. Mendes da; Ferreira, Ana VazDifferent sustainable evaluation tools can provide a way to certify the building¬¬`s performance during its life cycle: raw material depletion, production of materials and components, construction, use and demolition. In this process, several variables that analyze common components, such as the reduction of resources consume, the reuse and recycle potential, flexibility and adaptability, the pollution components generated during the process, are involved. Some examples of these tools are the systems like SBTool, BREEAM, BEE or LiderA that are used to evaluate a specific context according to specific conditions. Meanwhile, the existing evaluation systems are oriented to the building´s design phase or have under consideration patterns adapted to the 21st century reality. This work was developed due to the need to analyse and evaluate the built environment, specifically in what concerns the urban settlements in Portuguese cities, with more than three hundred years old, and that are not enclosed in the new construction’s reality - both at materials and techniques levels. The knowledge gathered about the built environment allows the creation of a sustainable grid capable of guide-lining rehabilitation actions. The evaluation of these urban areas was carried out based on an exhaustive work of collecting the building’s characteristics, in an area with around 770 buildings, allowing the creation of a built environment sustainability evaluation grid and adapted to socio, cultural, heritage, economic and environmental contexts. The grid mentioned before was designed after a set of parameters were analyzed, such as: i) the existent materials and the constructive solutions adopted; ii) the urban mesh and the meeting of the construction resources to the built environment; iii) the contemporaneous patterns and the possibilities of reusing; iv) the heritage and cultural values; v) the social and economic values. The evaluation grid presented in this work shows a set of different parameters, where the criteria that are related to the external environment are reassessed according to the existent urban possibilities and where the criteria related to internal environment are adapted to the existent spaces’ possibilities.
- Comparison between codes for building's thermal behaviour: Brazil and PortugalPublication . Ferreira, Ana Vaz; Silva, J.A. Mendes da; Romeiro, NatáliaResumo O presente artigo tem como objetivo analisar as limitações presentes nas normas brasileiras através da comparação com a regulamentação portuguesa e destacar possíveis propostas que possam contribuir ara uma metodologia mais exigente. Como estudo de caso, selecionou uma residência, com os padrões construtivos definidos no Programa Minha Casa, Minha Vida (PMCMV), para três cidades brasileiras com zonas bioclimáticas distintas e com isso, analisou os resultados obtidos através das seguintes metodologias: i) do método simplificado da norma brasileira NBR 15575; ii) do método prescritivo do RTQ-R; iii) do programa informático Design Builder. Através das análises dos resultados e da comparação com a metodologia da regulamentação portuguesa (REH), identificou as principais limitações que constam nas normas, como também os elementos que construtivos com maior influência nos ganhos e perdas de calor da edificação. Dessa forma, foi possível concluir que a metodologia prescritiva das normas brasileiras restringe a análise dos elementos de paredes e cobertura, ignorando o contributo pelos vãos envidraçados, assim como apresenta valores limites e metodologias diferenciadas para os mesmos parâmetros de avaliação entre as normas, o que podem conduzir a interpretações diversas. Visto que as normas já apresentam uma estruturação com base relativamente adequada, a incorporação das propostas na regulamentação surge como contribuição viável para uma metodologia mais exigente, ao valorizar os elementos construtivos determinantes ao edifício.
- Definição de estratégias de intervenção nos edifícios da Santa Casa da Misericórdia de Castelo BrancoPublication . Ferreira, Ana Vaz; Campos, Ana Catarina Pires Simões Ferreira de; Silva, J.A. Mendes daA Santa Casa da Misericórdia de Castelo Branco possui um conjunto de edifícios contruídos entre 1526 e 2008, sendo atualmente utilizados como creche, asilo de idosos e centro de reabilitação médica. Tanto o ano de construção, como as diversas intervenções realizadas, traduzem-se na diversidade de soluções que se podem encontrar, dentro do mesmo edifício ou entre construções. Este trabalho teve como objetivo identificar a variedade de soluções construtivas existentes e analisar o nível de conforto dos utentes nos edifícios ocupados como lar de idosos. Foram desenhados inquéritos de conforto térmico, aplicados através de entrevista para garantir o seu entendimento pelos idosos, utilizando a escala ASHRAE, sendo os resultados comparados às soluções encontradas (algumas identificadas a partir de ensaios). Com os resultados foi possível identificar os espaços com maior necessidade de intervenção devido à percentagem de insatisfeitos, permitindo que as ações de reabilitação possam ser programadas e realizadas de forma faseada de acordo com as necessidades e disponibilidade financeira da instituição.
- Model for and integrates evaluation of rehabilitation actions:an approach to a group of buildings of the beginning of the 20th centuryPublication . Mouraz, Catarina; Silva, J.A. Mendes da; Ferreira, Ana Vaz; Bettencourt, António A.The current challenges of sustainable construction are frequently deemed incompatible or hardly reconcilable with the basic principles of heritage safeguarding and conservation. This issue may gradually be surpassed with a thorough integrated analysis of the rehabilitation solutions and a detailed knowledge of the existing building. This paper presents the application of an exploratory model for an integrated evaluation of rehabilitation actions according to different perspectives, such as local regulatory demands as well as sustainable heritage preservation concerns. The design of this approach was based on a constructive characterization and conservation state analysis of three city blocks located in the Historical Centre of the city of Viseu, in Portugal. The main goal was to create a tool that allows the evaluation of rehabilitation solutions according to different criteria, allowing a holistic comparison of its performance. This will allow technicians and decision-makers to perform more informed judgements, contributing to define a more global and sustainable renovation process.
- Sustainability assessment of building rehabilitation actions in old urban centresPublication . Almeida, Cláudia; Ferreira, Ana Vaz; Silva, J.A. Mendes daIt is essential that the society understands the importance of sustainable development, its implication for the existing living standards and the need to implement management policies that promote sustainability. Rehabilitation assumes a fundamental role in this process; however, we are faced with the lack of specific, adequate and simplified tools for the sustainability assessment in rehabilitation actions. In this paper, the analysis of different sustainability assessment systems was conducted, comparing them in order to identify the adjustments to be made to a Portuguese model taken under consideration. Subsequently, the model was cross-checked with current European and national urban rehabilitation and regeneration policies, analysing their contribution to sustainability, in order to define the assessment criteria and create a Simplified Method for the Sustainability Assessment for rehabilitation in old urban centres, which can be a useful tool, easy to use by all actors in the process and as a way of preserving the history of this areas, and the memory of those who inhabit them. This Method considers five major areas: Water, Energy, Materials, Emissions and Cultural, Economic and Social Environments. For each of these criteria, measurement indicators and levels of assessment were settled, adjusted to the context of old urban centres.
- Sustainable heritage: analysis of bulding's thermal behaviourPublication . Ferreira, Ana Vaz; Silva, J.A. Mendes daThe energy consumption of buildings has presented a steady growth in face of the global energy consumption. This fact is related to a variety of factors, including the increased demand for comfort by the inhabitants, the low quality of construction of buildings and their inadequacy to the climatic and environmental context in which they are included. Reversing this tendency includes the necessary intervention in the built environment, promoting the attainment of comfort through interventions that respect the principles of sustainability in construction, namely in resource consumption over the building’s life cycle. Energy rehabilitation can be accomplished by enhancing the envelope’s thermal protection using strategies in terms of i) strengthening insulation in the opaque envelope; ii) strengthening insulation of the glazing and iii) control of solar gains. The use of passive solar systems and the improvement of energy systems are other approaches for improving the thermal performance of dwellings. This study examines the constructive characteristics and the pathologies found in approximately 700 buildings located in Coimbra’s downtown (“Baixa”), the historic sector of the city. From this analysis it was possible to assess the present-day performance of these buildings, attending to the existing code and the application of DesignBuilder software, and to define the desired levels of performance resulting from rehabilitation procedures. The definition of these levels allows the superintendence of the process of intervention, taking into account the solutions to adopt with regard to the principles of sustainability.
- A sustentabilidade como elemento central da reabilitação: a resposta aos desafios europeusPublication . Ferreira, Ana Vaz; Silva, J.A. Mendes da; Almeida, Cláudia Peres; Mouraz, CatarinaA Estratégia 2020 da Europa define desafios relacionados com a reabilitação do ambiente construído, assumindo a sua importância para o consumo de energia e emissões de gases com efeito estufa. Neste sentido foram definidas diversas políticas, em vários setores da economia, com vista a atingir o objetivo de redução em 20% das emissões, redução em 20% do consumo energético e aumento da produção de energia com recurso a energias renováveis em 20%. A sustentabilidade deve estar alinhada com os objetivos estratégicos e políticos, neste sentido importa incorporar estes objetivos em sistemas de avaliação da sustentabilidade, nomeadamente no setor da reabilitação de edifícios. No âmbito deste trabalho foram analisadas as políticas europeias e portuguesas em relação à reabilitação do parque edificado, identificando as exigências e metas que tenham implicações ao nível do projeto, em alguns casos sendo condicionantes para o acesso a fundos europeus. A partir da identificação das implicações destas políticas nas intervenções, foi definida uma metodologia simplificada de avaliação da sustentabilidade na reabilitação, com a definição de critérios de avaliação. Estes critérios incorporam as exigências das políticas, revelando-se uma ferramenta que responde, não só às exigências de qualidade ambiental, social e económica dos edifícios, mas também as prioridades políticas de âmbito nacional.