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- Simulation tools for wireless sensor networks in medicine: a comparative studyPublication . Neves, Paulo Alexandre; Fonseca, Joel; Rodrigues, JoelThis paper presents a study on three simulation tools for Wireless Sensor Nertworks (WSNs): Network Simulator 2 (ns-2), Java Simulator (J-Sim) and Sensor Network Emulator and Simulator (SENSE). We present the concept of WSNs, each simulator in terms of its features, a view on current applications of WSNs on medicine and a comparative study on the simulators studied. We conclude that SENSE presents the better approach for WSNs.
- G-Jsim: A GUI tool for wireless sensor networks simulation under J-SimPublication . Neves, Paulo Alexandre; Veiga, Iúri D.C.; Rodrigues, JoelA Wireless Sensor Network is composed of up to thousands of smart sensing nodes with processing unit and memory, sensing unit and wireless communication capabilities. Wireless Sensor Networks application spans from the military applications into almost every field we can think of. Several simulation tools are readily available, among them the J-Sim, a java-based simulator with growing interest by research and network developers alike. We propose to enhance J-Sim functionality with a Guided User Interface for Wireless Sensor Networks that dramatically increases the user-friendliness of the simulator. Also, we provide a free download web page for everyone to benefit.
- Scheduling and drop policies for traffic differentiation on vehicular delay-tolerant networksPublication . Soares, V.N.G.J.; Farahmand, Farid; Rodrigues, JoelVehicular Delay-Tolerant Networks (VDTNs) are a promising technology for vehicular communications, creating application scenarios that enable non-real time services with diverse performance requirements. Because of scarce network resources (e.g. bandwidth and storage capacity) and node’s short contact durations, the underlying VDTN network infrastructure must be capable of prioritizing traffic. This paper investigates several scheduling and drop policies, which can be used to implement traffic differentiation. Priority Greedy, Round Robin, and Time Threshold scheduling polices are proposed. In terms of drop policy, the message with the lowest priority and the lowest remaining time-to-live is discarded first. We evaluate their efficiency and tradeoffs, through simulation. The results presented in this paper can be used as a starting point for further studies in this research field, and give helpful guidelines for future VDTN protocol design.
- Sensor sem fios para monitorização da temperatura intra-corporalPublication . Mendes, Américo; Caldeira, J.M.L.P.; Moutinho, José Fonseca; Rodrigues, JoelA aplicação de novas contribuições científicas para a análise de processos fisiológicos deu origem a uma nova era na medicina, introduzindo técnicas e dispositivos para medição e monitorização de parâmetros fisiológicos. Este trabalho tem como objectivo a apresentação de um novo sensor de temperatura para medição e monitorização da temperatura intra-vaginal. Esta monitorização irá permitir estudar as variações deste parâmetro biológico ao longo de determinado período de tempo, como por exemplo, ao longo de todo um ciclo menstrual ou durante um dos dias desse ciclo. O conhecimento do comportamento deste parâmetro biológico poderá ser extremamente útil do ponto de vista clínico. Com base nesse conhecimento e nas suas correlações com determinados estados sintomáticos da fisiologia feminina, poderá ser possível estudar e propor novos métodos para combater a infertilidade dos casais, antecipar e monitorizar o período fértil (podendo ser usado, tanto para ajudar a favorecer a gravidez como apoio a métodos de anti-concepção), propor e ajustar terapêuticas de tratamento de inúmeras doenças ginecológicas, desenvolver novos métodos anti-concepcionais e ajuda à prevenção de partos pré-termo. O protótipo do sistema foi testado e validado com sucesso, estando pronto para utilização.
- A new wireless biosensor for intra-vaginal temperature monitoringPublication . Caldeira, J.M.L.P.; Rodrigues, Joel; Garcia, João F.R.; Torre, Isabel de laWireless Body Sensors for medical purposes offer valuable contributions to improve patients’ healthcare, including diagnosis and/or therapeutics monitoring. Body temperature is a crucial parameter in healthcare diagnosis. In gynecology and obstetrics it is measured at the skin’s surface, which is very influenced by the environment. This paper proposes a new intra-body sensor for long-term intra-vaginal temperature collection. The embedded IEEE 802.15.4 communication module allows the integration of this sensor in a Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) for remote data access and monitoring. We present the sensor architecture, the construction of the corresponding testbed, and its performance evaluation. This sensor may be used in different medical applications, including preterm labor prevention and fertility and ovulation period detection. The features of the constructed testbed were validated in laboratory tests verifying its accuracy and performance.
- iSensA: a system for collecting and integrating sensor dataPublication . Caldeira, J.M.L.P.; Soares, V.N.G.J.; Gaspar, Pedro Dinis; Rodrigues, Joel; Fontes, Ricardo Manuel Valentim; Silva, José Luís LimaThe idea of monitoring several types of parameters in various environments has been motivating significant research works in Internet of Things (IoT). This paper presents the design and construction of iSensA, a system for integrating and collecting information from sensors. The solution implements a multi-sensor monitoring system and then expands the monitoring concept to an IoT solution, by employing multi-network access, Web services, database and web and mobile applications for user interaction. iSensA system is highly configurable, enabling several monitoring solutions with different types of sensors. Experiments have been performed on real application scenarios to validate and evaluate our proposition.
- A survey on IP-based wireless sensor networks solutionsPublication . Rodrigues, Joel; Neves, Paulo AlexandreWireless sensor networks can be composed of thousands of smart sensing nodes that capture environment data in a cost-efficient way. Such networks present new challenges when compared to traditional computer networks, namely in terms of smart node processing power and very limited energy resources. Ubiquitous computing can benefit from wireless sensor networks, from the perspective that sensed data can be used on behalf of the user without explicit intervention, turning ubiquitous computing into a reality. For the data to be available everywhere wireless sensor networks must be connected to the Internet. Two main approaches can be considered: proxy-based or sensor node stack based. This second approach turns sensors into data producing hosts, also know as ”The Internet of Things”. For years the TCP/IP protocol suite was considered inappropriate for wireless sensor networks, mainly due to the inherent complexity and protocol overhead for such limited hardware. However, recent studies made connecting wireless sensor to the Internet possible for integration on the future Internet. This paper surveys the current state-of-the-art on the connection of wireless sensor networks to the Internet, presents related achievements, and provides insights on how to develop Internet Protocol-based communication solutions for wireless sensor networks today.
- Método de transmissão de dados em redes veiculares com ligações intermitentesPublication . Rodrigues, Joel; Soares, V.N.G.J.; Farahmand, FaridA presente invenção diz respeito a uma nova arquitectura de comunicação de dados para redes veiculares, chamada rede veicular com ligações intermitentes, e ao respectivo método de transmissão de dados. Esta arquitectura introduz uma abordagem diferenciada à comunicação de dados em redes veiculares, baseada na combinação das seguintes técnicas: introdução de uma camada de ''''agregação'''' sobre a camada de ''ligação de dados'' segundo o modelo de referência OSI da ISO; paradigma de ''armazenamento, transporte e envio de agregados''; e separação do plano de controlo e plano de dados, utilizando sinalização fora-de-banda. O método de transmissão baseado nesta arquitectura, colmata as dificuldades da transmissão de dados em redes veiculares, e introduz a capacidade de agendamento de reservas de recursos. Desta forma, a presente invenção optimiza a utilização dos recursos restritos disponíveis nos nós de uma rede veicular e aumenta a probabilidade de entrega atempada de agregados, melhorando o desempenhos da rede.
- A biosensor and data presentation solution for body sensor networksPublication . Neves, Paulo Alexandre; Caldeira, J.M.L.P.; Mendes, Américo; Pereira, Orlando; Rodrigues, JoelA Body Sensor Network can sense health parameters directly on the patient’s body, allowing 24/7 monitoring in an unobtrusive way. Several tiny sensors collect and route data to a special sink node. A new intra-vaginal biosensor was developed to study the relation between temperature variations and women health conditions, such as ovulation period, among others. We present a biosensor prototype and some initial results on real scenarios with a woman. One of the main issues in a body sensor network is the transformation of the sensor raw data into meaningful medical data for medical staff. Several approaches exist, from mobile device-based approaches to more powerful hardware such as a personal computer. This paper presents our current work in body sensor networks, namely a prototype for intra-vaginal temperature monitoring with initial results, and a mobile tool for data presentation of a three-tier body sensor network. The gathered results demonstrate the feasibility of the approach, contributing to the widespread application of body sensor networks.
- A novel intra-body sensor for vaginal temperature monitoringPublication . Rodrigues, Joel; Caldeira, J.M.L.P.; Vaidya, BinodOver the years some medical studies have tried to better understand the internal behavior of human beings. Many researchers in this domain have been striving to find relationships between intra-vaginal temperature and certain female health conditions, such as ovulation and fertile period since woman’s intra-vaginal temperature is one of the body parameters most preferred in such studies. However, due to lack of a appropriate technology, medical research devoted to studying correlations of such body parameters with certain womans’ body phenomena could not obtain better results. This article presents the design and implementation of a novel intra-body sensor for acquisition and monitoring of intra-vaginal temperatures. This novel intra-body sensor provides data collection that is used for studying the relation between temperature variations and female health conditions, such as anticipation and monitoring of the ovulation period, detection of pregnancy contractions, preterm labor prevention, etc.. The motivation for this work focuses on the development of this new intra-body sensor that will represent a major step in medical technology. The novel sensor was tested and validated on hospitalized women as well as normal healthy women. Finally our medical team has attested to the accuracy, usability and performance of this novel intra-body sensor.