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- Influence of the storage in bottle on the antioxidant activities and related chemical characteristics of wine spirits aged with chestnut staves and micro-oxygenationPublication . Alves, Sheila Oliveira; Lourenço, Sílvia; Anjos, O.; Fernandes, Tiago A.; Caldeira, Ilda; Catarino, Sofia; Canas, SaraDifferent ageing technology of wine spirits (WSs) has been investigated, but little has been published on the chemical evolution of aged WS during storage in bottle. The purpose of this study was to examine how 12 months of storage in bottle affected the evolution of antioxidant activity (DPPH, FRAP and ABTS assays), total phenolic index (TPI) and low molecular weight (LMW) compounds content of the WSs aged through alternative technology using three micro-oxygenation levels (MOX) and nitrogen control (N). Results revealed the ability of phenolic compounds from aged WSs to scavenge free radicals during storage in bottle. Among the in vitro antioxidant-activity methods, FRAP assay was the more effective to differentiate WSs according to the ageing technology. Concerning the overall influence of storage in bottle on antioxidant activity, and TPI and LMW compounds content, the higher results were obtained for the MOX modalities (O15, O30 and O60), which showed a similar evolution. In summary, this study provides innovative information, demonstrating that the differences between the aged WSs imparted throughout the ageing process (resulting from different MOX levels) were mostly retained, and only slight modifications during storage in bottle were found.
- Antioxidant ativities of wine spirits aged by a sustainable technology using chestnut wood staves and micro-oxygenationPublication . Alves, Sheila Oliveira; Lourenço, Sílvia; Anjos, O.; Caldeira, Ilda; Fernandes, Tiago A.; Catarino, Sofia; Canas, SaraAntioxidant ativities of wine spirits aged by a sustainable technology using chestnut wood staves and micro-oxygenation.
- Influence of the storage in bottle on the antioxidant activities and related chemical characteristics of wine spirits aged with chestnut staves and micro-oxygenationPublication . Alves, Sheila Oliveira; Lourenço, Sílvia; Anjos, O.; Fernandes, Tiago A.; Caldeira, Ilda; Catarino, Sofia; Canas, SaraDifferent ageing technology of wine spirits (WSs) has been investigated, but little has been published on the chemical evolution of aged WS during storage in bottle. The purpose of this study was to examine how 12 months of storage in bottle affected the evolution of antioxidantactivity (DPPH, FRAP and ABTS assays), total phenolic index (TPI) and low molecular weight (LMW)compounds content of the WSs aged through alternative technology using three micro-oxygenationlevels (MOX) and nitrogen control (N). Results revealed the ability of phenolic compounds fromaged WSs to scavenge free radicals during storage in bottle. Among the in vitro antioxidant-activity methods, FRAP assay was the more effective to differentiate WSs according to the ageing technology.Concerning the overall influence of storage in bottle on antioxidant activity, and TPI and LMW compoundscontent, the higher results were obtained for the MOX modalities (O15, O30 and O60), whichshowed a similar evolution. In summary, this study provides innovative information, demonstratingthat the differences between the aged WSs imparted throughout the ageing process (resulting from different MOX levels) were mostly retained, and only slight modifications during storage in bottle were found.
- Natural blending as a novel technology for the production process of aged wine spirits : potential impact on their qualityPublication . Lourenço, Sílvia; Anjos, O.; Caldeira, Ilda; Alves, Sheila Oliveira; Santos, Nádia; Canas, SaraThe blending of wine spirits (WSs) produced in different ageing conditions is a key operation to impart specific features, enhance complexity, increase the final product’s quality and ensure brand consistency over the years, but requires time, labour and experienced blenders. This work aimed to develop a novel technology, natural blending, towards innovation and a more sustainable production process, adding value to the final product. WSs were aged in 250 L barrels and in 1000 L stainless steel tanks with wood staves and micro-oxygenation (MOX), using Limousin oak and chestnut wood simultaneously at a 50:50 ratio (natural blending) and separately; after 18 months of ageing, the last ones underwent the blending operation at the same ratio. All WSs were bottled and thereafter the following traits were analysed: alcoholic strength, acidity, dry extract, total phenolic index, low molecular weight compounds by HPLC method, chromatic characteristics and sensory profile. No significant differences in the physicochemical characteristics and sensory profile between the WSs resulting from the two blending technologies were found. Natural blending did not induce changes in the characteristics imparted by each ageing technology. These findings point to natural blending as a reliable alternative to the blending operation, especially in combination with ageing in tanks with staves and MOX.
- Influence of the storage in bottle on the antioxidant activity of wine spirit aged by sustainable technology of micro-oxygenation with Limousin oak stavesPublication . Alves, Sheila Oliveira; Lourenço, Sílvia; Fernandes, Tiago A.; Anjos, Ofélia; Caldeira, Ilda; Catarino, Sofia; Canas, SaraThe traditional ageing technology (TAT) has always been associated with oak barrels ageing and involves staging the wine distillate (WD) in wooden barrels with a continuous innate diffusion of oxygen through the wood and space between staves, under which the beverage spirit undergoes positive changes that contribute to the enhancement of its chemical composition and sensory properties.
- The interplay of bottle storage and wood ageing technology: Volatile and sensory profiles of wine spirits aged with chestnut woodPublication . Caldeira, Ilda; Anjos, O.; Vitória, Cláudia; Alves, Sheila Oliveira; Fernandes, Tiago A.; Canas, Sara; Catarino, SofiaWine spirits are typically aged in wooden barrels. Recently, alternative ageing technologies, such as those using wood fragments in wine spirits stored in stainless steel tanks, have been investigated. However, a signifcant lack of information regarding the potential evolution of these beverages after bottling still remains. This study assessed the 12-month evolu tion of aroma in bottled wine spirits aged with chestnut wood using diferent technologies, including fragment application with several micro-oxygenation strategies and barrels (traditional). Chemical analysis using GC-FID and GC–MS methods, along with sensory analysis, was conducted on all sampled aged wine spirits. Signifcant changes in volatile compounds were detected over time, including volatile phenols, acids, and esters. Multivariate data analysis distinguished traditional and alternative aged samples, with slight sample discrimination based on bottle storage. Regarding the sensory results, a signifcant efect of the time in bottle in several sensory attributes was found, while the ageing technologies mainly afected the gustatory attributes. The tasters were also asked to rate the overall quality of the samples, which seems to be favoured by the time in the bottle. This initial assessment of the impact of 1 year of glass bottle storage on the volatile and sensory composition of aged wine spirits highlights that this stage must be considered as an additional technological factor in their production process. However, the diferences induced by the wood ageing technologies applied remained evident after 1 year of glass bottle storage.