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Transições para a sustentabilidade na viticultura do Douro, Portugal
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O objetivo deste artigo é dar um contributo aos estudos de transições para a sustentabilidade, nomeadamente na agricultura, usando como cenário empírico a região vitivinícola do Douro, Portugal. Esta zona, de tradição vitivinícola secular, atravessou diversas modificações econômicas, sociais e agroecológicas. Indícios atuais de uma transição sustentável estão calcado em um processo histórico que vem objetivando a redução e controle do uso de produtos agroquímicos e a preservação do patrimônio paisagístico, tombado pela
UNESCO. Recentemente, este processo se fortaleceu pela inserção, a partir de 2010, de inovações relacionadas à implantação de Infraestruturas Ecológicas (IEs), consorciadas às
áreas de cultivo, e que se expressam como um conjunto de técnicas que visam à ampliação da biodiversidade e a prestação de serviços ecossistêmicos, respeitando, contudo, a sustentabilidade econômica da vitivinicultura. Uma associação de vitivinicultores e uma universidade fomentaram a criação do conhecimento técnico, utilizando as grandes empresas vitivinícolas (membros da associação) como incubadoras, que assim funcionaram como nichos de inovação. O novo arcabouço cognitivo vem paulatinamente se difundindo, provocando o que de pode chamar de um início de transição, em um estágio que precede as modificações do regime sócio-técnico, conhecido como ancoragem. Os processos de difusão e ancoragem são reforçados pelo estabelecimento de condições criadas pelos AKIS (Agricultural Knowledge and Innovation Systems). Tal transição é também conduzida por pressões da paisagem sócio-técnica, sentidas principalmente por grandes vitivinicultores, como as alterações climáticas e novos hábitos de consumo. A metodologia priorizou entrevistas semiestruturadas com agricultores, gestores agrícolas e outros atores do AKIS ligado à inovação.
ABSTRACT: The aim of this article is to provide a contribution to studies of transitions towards sustainability, namely in agriculture, using as an empirical scenario the wine region of Douro, Portugal. This area, with a secular viticulture tradition, has gone through several economic, social and agroecological changes. Current indications of a sustainable transition are based on a historical process that has aimed at reducing and controlling the use of agrochemical products and preserving the landscape heritage, recognized by UNESCO. Recently, this process has been strengthened by the insertion, as of 2010, of innovations related to the implementation of Ecological Infrastructures (IEs), conjugated to the cultivation areas, and that express themselves as a set of techniques that aim at the amplification of biodiversity and the rendering of ecosystem services, respecting, however, the economic sustainability of the viticulture. An association of winemakers and a university fostered the creation of technical knowledge, using the large wine companies (members of the association) as incubators, which thus functioned as niches of innovation. The new cognitive framework has been gradually spreading, causing what can be called a beginning of transition, in a stage that precedes the changes in the socio-technical regime, known as anchoring. The diffusion and anchoring processes are reinforced by the establishment of conditions created by AKIS (Agricultural Knowledge and Innovation Systems). This transition is also driven by pressures from the socio-technical landscape, felt mainly by large wine producers, such as climate change and new consumption habits. The methodology prioritized semi-structured interviews with farmers, farm managers and other AKIS actors linked to innovation
ABSTRACT: The aim of this article is to provide a contribution to studies of transitions towards sustainability, namely in agriculture, using as an empirical scenario the wine region of Douro, Portugal. This area, with a secular viticulture tradition, has gone through several economic, social and agroecological changes. Current indications of a sustainable transition are based on a historical process that has aimed at reducing and controlling the use of agrochemical products and preserving the landscape heritage, recognized by UNESCO. Recently, this process has been strengthened by the insertion, as of 2010, of innovations related to the implementation of Ecological Infrastructures (IEs), conjugated to the cultivation areas, and that express themselves as a set of techniques that aim at the amplification of biodiversity and the rendering of ecosystem services, respecting, however, the economic sustainability of the viticulture. An association of winemakers and a university fostered the creation of technical knowledge, using the large wine companies (members of the association) as incubators, which thus functioned as niches of innovation. The new cognitive framework has been gradually spreading, causing what can be called a beginning of transition, in a stage that precedes the changes in the socio-technical regime, known as anchoring. The diffusion and anchoring processes are reinforced by the establishment of conditions created by AKIS (Agricultural Knowledge and Innovation Systems). This transition is also driven by pressures from the socio-technical landscape, felt mainly by large wine producers, such as climate change and new consumption habits. The methodology prioritized semi-structured interviews with farmers, farm managers and other AKIS actors linked to innovation
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Viticultura Douro Portugal Transições para a sustentabilidade MLP (Multi level perspective) AKIS (Agricultural knowledge and innovation systems) Viticulture Transitions to sustentability
Contexto Educativo
Citação
POLITA, Fabíola Sostmeyer ; MADUREIRA, Livia (2019) - Transições para a sustentabilidade na viticultura do Douro, Portugal = Transitions to sustentability in Douro viticulture, Portugal. GESTIN. ISSN 1645-2534. Ano 15, nº 18/19, p. 83-100.
Editora
Escola Superior de Gestão de Idanha-a-Nova