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A abordagem não farmacológica da dispneia em cuidados paliativos
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| 3.87 MB | Adobe PDF |
Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
A elaboração deste relatório é uma parte constituinte dos requisitos necessários
à obtenção do grau de Mestre em Cuidados Paliativos pela Escola Superior de Saúde
Dr. Lopes Dias do Instituto Politécnico de Castelo Branco. O presente Relatório
divide-se em duas partes principais. Na primeira parte (Relatório de Prática Clínica)
são descritos os objetivos e as atividades planeadas e desenvolvidas no âmbito da
Prática Clínica realizada ao longo das 300 horas num Hospice sediado em Málaga,
Andaluzia, Espanha. Numa segunda parte, compreende-se o Projeto de Investigação
sob a forma de revisão sistemática da literatura do tema “Abordagem não
farmacológica da dispneia em Cuidados Paliativos”.
Em 2002, a Organização Mundial de Saúde (OMS) definiu os Cuidados Paliativos
como “uma abordagem que melhora a qualidade de vida dos doentes (adultos e
crianças) e das suas famílias que enfrentam problemas associados a doenças que
ameaçam a vida; previne e alivia o sofrimento através da identificação precoce,
avaliação correta e tratamento da dor e outros problemas físicos, psicossociais ou
espirituais.” Deste modo, a OMS estabeleceu que o acesso a este tipo de cuidados é
reconhecido como um direito humano à saúde, conferindo um direito universal.
A dispneia é um dos sintomas mais frequentes nos doentes crónicos, progressiva
e incurável nos estadios mais avançados, sobretudo nas últimas semanas de vida. O
tratamento deve centrar-se na eliminação e alívio deste sintoma. As estratégias não
farmacológicas têm um papel fundamental no tratamento da dispneia. Estas
medidas são benéficas como terapêuticas iniciais e coadjuvantes na tentativa de
melhorar a qualidade de vida dos doentes. A abordagem da dispneia deve ser
discutida com o doente e os cuidadores e o tratamento deve ser individualizado.
Apesar destas técnicas serem promissoras, são necessários mais estudos para se
comprovarem os seus benefícios.
ABSTRACT: The preparation of this report is part of the requirements for obtaining the Master of Palliative Care degree from the Dr. Lopes Dias School of Health of the Castelo Branco Polytechnic Institute. This Report consists of two main parts. The first part (Clinical Practice Report) describes the objectives and activities planned and developed under the 300-hour internship at a Hospice based in Malaga, Andalusia, Spain. In a second part, we understand the Research Project in the form of a systematic review of the literature on the theme “Non-pharmacological approach to dyspnea in Palliative Care”. In 2002, the World Health Organization (WHO) defined Palliative Care as “an approach that improves the quality of life of patients (adults and children) and their families facing problems associated with life-threatening diseases; prevent and alleviate suffering through early identification, correct assessment and treatment of pain and other physical, psychosocial or spiritual problems. ”Thus, WHO has established that access to such care is recognized as a human right to health, conferring a universal right. Dyspnea is one of the most common symptoms in patients with chronic, progressive and incurable disease at later stages, especially in the last weeks of life. Treatment should focus on eliminating and relieving this symptom. Nonpharmacological strategies reveal a fundamental role in the treatment of dyspnea. These measures are beneficial as initial and adjunctive therapies in an attempt to improve patients' quality of life. Dyspnea management should be discussed with the patient and caregivers and treatment should be individualized. Although these techniques are promising, further studies are needed to prove their benefits.
ABSTRACT: The preparation of this report is part of the requirements for obtaining the Master of Palliative Care degree from the Dr. Lopes Dias School of Health of the Castelo Branco Polytechnic Institute. This Report consists of two main parts. The first part (Clinical Practice Report) describes the objectives and activities planned and developed under the 300-hour internship at a Hospice based in Malaga, Andalusia, Spain. In a second part, we understand the Research Project in the form of a systematic review of the literature on the theme “Non-pharmacological approach to dyspnea in Palliative Care”. In 2002, the World Health Organization (WHO) defined Palliative Care as “an approach that improves the quality of life of patients (adults and children) and their families facing problems associated with life-threatening diseases; prevent and alleviate suffering through early identification, correct assessment and treatment of pain and other physical, psychosocial or spiritual problems. ”Thus, WHO has established that access to such care is recognized as a human right to health, conferring a universal right. Dyspnea is one of the most common symptoms in patients with chronic, progressive and incurable disease at later stages, especially in the last weeks of life. Treatment should focus on eliminating and relieving this symptom. Nonpharmacological strategies reveal a fundamental role in the treatment of dyspnea. These measures are beneficial as initial and adjunctive therapies in an attempt to improve patients' quality of life. Dyspnea management should be discussed with the patient and caregivers and treatment should be individualized. Although these techniques are promising, further studies are needed to prove their benefits.
Description
Relatório de Prática Clínica apresentado à Escola Superior de Saúde Dr. Lopes Dias do Instituto Politécnico de Castelo Branco para cumprimento dos requisitos necessários à obtenção do grau de Mestre em Cuidados Paliativos.
Keywords
Cuidados paliativos Hospice Medicina paliativa Dispneia Doença crónica Palliative care Hospice Palliative medicine Dyspnoea Dyspnea Chronic disease