Loading...
Publication
Paradoxo entre a livre iniciativa privada e o direito à reserva da intimidade da vida privada do trabalhador
| Name: | Description: | Size: | Format: | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.36 MB | Adobe PDF |
Authors
Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
Numa sociedade em que o empregador ainda está de certa forma “colado” a uma
imagem secular de “mandante” e o trabalhador como “quem cumpre”, torna-se
necessário abordar a importância que tal assume no contexto atual face aos direitos
do trabalhador quanto à integridade e à reserva da sua intimidade em contexto
profissional.
A presente dissertação versa sobre o equilíbrio de forças na relação entre o
empregador e trabalhador, pela necessidade de uma melhor regulamentação que se
por um lado está fortemente vincada na legislação, por outro, aparenta em certos
aspetos ser algo abstrata e por vezes omissa.
As questões que apresentamos como abstratas ou omissas na Lei têm sido
geradoras das mais diversas interpretações doutrinais e jurisdicionais, questões essas
que merecem a nossa atenção, quer pela controvérsia que geram, quer pela forma
como são aplicadas no dia a dia da relação empregador-trabalhador.
A iniciativa privada é um elemento que sempre existiu, mesmo antes da entrada
em vigor de normativos reguladores das relações de trabalho. Todavia, aparenta-se
que os “costumes” por vezes suprimem direitos dos trabalhadores, dada a forma
como muitos empregadores exercem os seus deveres e direitos enquanto tal.
O trabalhador que se assume como a parte mais fraca nesta relação, em suposta
dependência, atualmente assume uma figura legal bastante protegida, dado que o
regime legal em Portugal atualmente é muito protecionista dos direitos do
trabalhador.
O tecido empresarial em Portugal é maioritariamente constituído por micro1,
pequenas e médias empresas, cujo impacto na nossa economia é considerável2.
Quanto à sua constituição, verifica-se também que maioritariamente são negócios
familiares3 e de proximidade.
Estas empresas, com maior representação na economia portuguesa, são em regra
geridas por pessoas que simultaneamente são trabalhadores dessas empresas. Este
cenário cria proximidade entre o empregador e o trabalhador, criando barreiras e
dificultando muitas vezes a separação entre o que é vida íntima e privada de cada um
e os limites da intrusão na esfera de cada um dos sujeitos da relação laboral. A integridade pessoal e reserva da intimidade e vida privada do trabalhador são
direitos fundamentais e legalmente protegidos. Nas relações laborais muitas vezes
surge uma ténue fronteira entre a vida privada e profissional, que por vezes é violada
através de certas condutas que interferem na esfera da vida privada dos
trabalhadores, que tem consequências na relação de trabalho.
Neste contexto como veremos, os trabalhadores muitas vezes são confrontados
com diversos mecanismos que restringem ou limitam a sua privacidade, ferindo desta
forma a sua integridade. Estando em causa certos direitos, liberdades e garantias
previstos na Lei, assume extrema importância que o legislador atue em determinadas
áreas para que em temáticas que legalmente são abstratas ou omissas quanto à sua
legitimidade por parte do empregador, não permitam uma aplicação discricionária
por parte deste para com os trabalhadores.
Abstract: In a society where the employer is still somewhat ‘attached’ to a secular image of a ‘boss’ and the worker as ‘the one who fulfils’, it is necessary to address the importance this assumes in the current context in relation to workers' rights to the integrity and reserve of their privacy in a professional context. This dissertation deals with the balance of power in the relationship between the employer and the employee, due to the need for better regulation which, on the one hand, is strongly enshrined in legislation, but on the other, appears to be abstract and sometimes lacking in certain aspects. The issues we present as abstract or omitted in the law have generated a wide range of doctrinal and jurisdictional interpretations. These issues deserve our attention, both because of the controversy they generate and because of the way they are applied in day-to-day employer-worker relations. Private initiative is an element that has always existed, even before labour relations regulations came into force. However, it seems that ‘customs’ sometimes take away workers' rights, given the way in which many employers exercise their duties and rights as such. The worker, who used to be the weaker party in this dependent relationship, is now a very protected legal figure, given that the current legal regime in Portugal is very protective of workers' rights. The business fabric in Portugal is traditionally and mostly made up of micro, small and medium-sized enterprises, whose impact on our economy is considerable. In terms of how they are set up, it can also be seen that most of them are family-run businesses. These companies, which are more widely represented in the Portuguese economy, are run by people who are also employees of these companies. This scenario creates proximity between the employer and the employee, creating barriers and often making it difficult to separate what is the intimate and private life of each and the limits of intrusion into the sphere of each of the subjects of the labour relationship. The personal integrity and privacy of workers are fundamental and legally protected rights. In labour relations there is often a fine line between private and professional life, which is sometimes violated through certain conduct that interferes in the sphere of workers' private lives, which has consequences for the employment relationship. In this context, as we shall see, workers are often confronted with various mechanisms that restrict or limit their privacy, thus harming their integrity. Since certain rights, freedoms and guarantees provided for in the law are at stake, it is extremely important that the legislator acts in certain areas so that issues that are legally abstract or omitted in terms of their legitimacy on the part of the employer do not allow for discretionary application by the employer towards workers.
Abstract: In a society where the employer is still somewhat ‘attached’ to a secular image of a ‘boss’ and the worker as ‘the one who fulfils’, it is necessary to address the importance this assumes in the current context in relation to workers' rights to the integrity and reserve of their privacy in a professional context. This dissertation deals with the balance of power in the relationship between the employer and the employee, due to the need for better regulation which, on the one hand, is strongly enshrined in legislation, but on the other, appears to be abstract and sometimes lacking in certain aspects. The issues we present as abstract or omitted in the law have generated a wide range of doctrinal and jurisdictional interpretations. These issues deserve our attention, both because of the controversy they generate and because of the way they are applied in day-to-day employer-worker relations. Private initiative is an element that has always existed, even before labour relations regulations came into force. However, it seems that ‘customs’ sometimes take away workers' rights, given the way in which many employers exercise their duties and rights as such. The worker, who used to be the weaker party in this dependent relationship, is now a very protected legal figure, given that the current legal regime in Portugal is very protective of workers' rights. The business fabric in Portugal is traditionally and mostly made up of micro, small and medium-sized enterprises, whose impact on our economy is considerable. In terms of how they are set up, it can also be seen that most of them are family-run businesses. These companies, which are more widely represented in the Portuguese economy, are run by people who are also employees of these companies. This scenario creates proximity between the employer and the employee, creating barriers and often making it difficult to separate what is the intimate and private life of each and the limits of intrusion into the sphere of each of the subjects of the labour relationship. The personal integrity and privacy of workers are fundamental and legally protected rights. In labour relations there is often a fine line between private and professional life, which is sometimes violated through certain conduct that interferes in the sphere of workers' private lives, which has consequences for the employment relationship. In this context, as we shall see, workers are often confronted with various mechanisms that restrict or limit their privacy, thus harming their integrity. Since certain rights, freedoms and guarantees provided for in the law are at stake, it is extremely important that the legislator acts in certain areas so that issues that are legally abstract or omitted in terms of their legitimacy on the part of the employer do not allow for discretionary application by the employer towards workers.
Description
Dissertação de Mestrado apresentado à Escola Superior de Gestão de Idanha-a-Nova
do Instituto Politécnico de Castelo Branco, para cumprimento dos requisitos
necessários à obtenção do grau de Mestre em Solicitadoria Empresarial.
Keywords
Iniciativa privada Liberdade de empresa Reserva da intimidade e vida privada do trabalhador Private initiative Freedom of enterprise Reservation of workers' privacy and private life