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O contributo do Assistente Social na inclusão social de utentes de IPSS com deficiência intelectual e desenvolvimental : um estudo de caso
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Abstract(s)
O estudo apresentado constitui o projeto final do mestrado de Educação Especial - domínio Cognitivo e Motor e baseia-se numa análise reflexiva sobre o contributo do Assistente Social na inclusão de utentes de Instituições Particulares de Solidariedade Social com Deficiência Intelectual e Desenvolvimental na sociedade. Na revisão de literatura aprofundou-se com maior destaque a designação de Deficiência Intelectual e Desenvolvimental (DID), identificando-se os direitos e os desafios que se colocam à inclusão social de indivíduos com DID. Evidenciaram-se as políticas sociais, realçando o papel do Assistente Social na inclusão social destes cidadãos, procurando definir os principais conceitos associados as competências e funções do assistente social, sistematizar as metodologias e identificar boas práticas de intervenção deste profissional. O modelo concetual que suporta a análise efetuada assenta no modelo bioecológico de Bronfenbrenner.
A realização do estudo decorreu junto de profissionais e utentes de duas instituições do distrito de Castelo Branco, com respostas sociais para pessoas com deficiência, tendo como guia orientador a seguinte questão: Qual o contributo do assistente social para a inclusão social de pessoas com Deficiência Intelectual e Desenvolvimental, utentes de IPSS do distrito de Castelo Branco?
Com o objetivo de dar resposta a esta questão, houve a necessidade de compreender o contributo do Assistente Social na vida destes cidadãos, através do trabalho que estes profissionais realizam a partir de instituições da Economia Social, com estatuto de IPSS, explorando as atividades desenvolvidas em prol da inclusão social dos indivíduos com DID. Paralelamente, considerámos pertinente perceber, junto dos utentes, a importância que atribuem ao trabalho realizado por estes profissionais com o objetivo de os incluir no contexto das redes sociais e garantir-lhes, assim, uma vida com maior autonomia, segurança e participação cidadã.
Consideramos ainda importante compreender de que forma se operacionaliza a articulação entre os diferentes técnicos das instituições de forma a garantir uma intervenção mais eficaz, bem como identificar a teia de relações que as IPSS estabelecem com o contexto envolvente, nomeadamente com as autarquias e outros organismos sociais, de saúde, educativos e culturais, com o objetivo de promover a inclusão social dos indivíduos com DID.
Trata-se de um estudo de caso qualitativo, de natureza descritiva, com recurso as entrevistas semiestruturadas que foram aplicadas às Assistentes Sociais, a utentes e a profissionais de outras áreas (psicóloga e terapeuta da fala) das instituições selecionadas para o efeito.
Como resultado da investigação constatamos que a prática do Assistente Social (AS) se efetiva como uma profissão de intervenção direta e muito próxima dos utentes. O AS assume o papel de mediador, nomeadamente junto da família dos utentes, facilitador, promotor de competências individuais e sociais, bem como de conselheiro dos jovens inseridos nestas IPSS, podendo caracterizá-lo como o profissional das relações. O trabalho interdisciplinar aparece, no discurso das AS e das outras profissionais entrevistadas, como uma condição fundamental para a eficaz resolução dos casos, pelo que têm a preocupação de articular a sua intervenção com os profissionais de outras áreas que colaboram na instituição.
Abstract: This study is part of a final project of a master’s degree in Special Education within the Cognitive and Motor domain and is based on a reflexive analysis about the contribution of social workers in the inclusion of individuals of Private Institutions of Social Solidarity with Intellectual and Developmental Disability in society. In the literature review, the designation of Intellectual and Developmental Deficiency (IDD) was highlighted by identifying the rights and challenges that are faced in terms of social inclusion of individuals with IDD. In addition, we emphasised the social policies and the role of the Social Worker for the inclusion of these citizens, attempting to define the main concepts linked to the competences and functions of the Social Worker, as well as the methodologies and good intervention practices of this professional. The conceptual model that supports the analysis carried out is based on Bronfenbrenner's bioecological model. The study was carried out with professionals and institutional youngsters of two institutions in the district of Castelo Branco, having the following question at aim: What is the contribution of the Social Worker for the social inclusion of people with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities who are institutional youngsters of the IPSS in the district from Castelo Branco? In order to answer this question, came the need to understand how a Social Worker contributes for the lives of these citizens, through the work that these professionals carry out within the institutions of the Social Economy which have a IPSS status, attempting to understand the activities carried out in favour of the social inclusion of individuals with IDD. At the same time, we considered it relevant to understand how these individuals acknowledge the importance of the work carried out by these professionals with the aim of including them in other social nets and thus safeguarding them with a more autonomous life, safety, and civic participation. Equally important was to understand how the articulation between the different technicians of the institutions is operationalized so as to guarantee a more effective intervention, as well as to identify the web of relationships that the IPSS establish with the surrounding context, namely with the municipalities and other social, health, educational and cultural organisations, with the aim of promoting the social inclusion of individuals with IDD. This is a qualitative case study of a descriptive nature in which semi-structured interviews were applied to Social Workers, to institutional users and professionals from other areas (psychologists and speech therapists) from the institutions selected for this purpose. As a result of this investigation, we found that the practice of a Social Worker is effective in the sense that it is a profession of direct intervention and great proximity with the institutional users. The Social Worker assumes the role of mediator, namely with the institutional users’ families, being the facilitator, and promoter of individual and social competences, as well as an advisor for the youngsters inserted in these IPSS, being characterised as the relationship professional. The interdisciplinary work appears, in the view of the Social Worker and of the other professionals interviewed, as a fundamental condition for the effective resolution of cases, which is why they are concerned with articulating their intervention with professionals from other areas who collaborate in the institution.
Abstract: This study is part of a final project of a master’s degree in Special Education within the Cognitive and Motor domain and is based on a reflexive analysis about the contribution of social workers in the inclusion of individuals of Private Institutions of Social Solidarity with Intellectual and Developmental Disability in society. In the literature review, the designation of Intellectual and Developmental Deficiency (IDD) was highlighted by identifying the rights and challenges that are faced in terms of social inclusion of individuals with IDD. In addition, we emphasised the social policies and the role of the Social Worker for the inclusion of these citizens, attempting to define the main concepts linked to the competences and functions of the Social Worker, as well as the methodologies and good intervention practices of this professional. The conceptual model that supports the analysis carried out is based on Bronfenbrenner's bioecological model. The study was carried out with professionals and institutional youngsters of two institutions in the district of Castelo Branco, having the following question at aim: What is the contribution of the Social Worker for the social inclusion of people with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities who are institutional youngsters of the IPSS in the district from Castelo Branco? In order to answer this question, came the need to understand how a Social Worker contributes for the lives of these citizens, through the work that these professionals carry out within the institutions of the Social Economy which have a IPSS status, attempting to understand the activities carried out in favour of the social inclusion of individuals with IDD. At the same time, we considered it relevant to understand how these individuals acknowledge the importance of the work carried out by these professionals with the aim of including them in other social nets and thus safeguarding them with a more autonomous life, safety, and civic participation. Equally important was to understand how the articulation between the different technicians of the institutions is operationalized so as to guarantee a more effective intervention, as well as to identify the web of relationships that the IPSS establish with the surrounding context, namely with the municipalities and other social, health, educational and cultural organisations, with the aim of promoting the social inclusion of individuals with IDD. This is a qualitative case study of a descriptive nature in which semi-structured interviews were applied to Social Workers, to institutional users and professionals from other areas (psychologists and speech therapists) from the institutions selected for this purpose. As a result of this investigation, we found that the practice of a Social Worker is effective in the sense that it is a profession of direct intervention and great proximity with the institutional users. The Social Worker assumes the role of mediator, namely with the institutional users’ families, being the facilitator, and promoter of individual and social competences, as well as an advisor for the youngsters inserted in these IPSS, being characterised as the relationship professional. The interdisciplinary work appears, in the view of the Social Worker and of the other professionals interviewed, as a fundamental condition for the effective resolution of cases, which is why they are concerned with articulating their intervention with professionals from other areas who collaborate in the institution.
Description
Trabalho de Projeto apresentado à Escola Superior de Educação do Instituto Politécnico de Castelo Branco para cumprimento dos requisitos necessários à obtenção do grau de Mestre em Educação Especial - Domínio Cognitivo e Motor.
Keywords
Deficiência Intelectual e Desenvolvimental Inclusão social Assistente Social Políticas Sociais Instituições Particulares de Solidariedade Social Intellectual and Developmental Deficiency Social inclusion Social Worker Social Policies Private Institutions of Social Solidarity