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Acessibilidade aos cuidados paliativos: o papel dos cuidados de saúde primários
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Abstract(s)
A presente dissertação foi realizada no âmbito do 8º Mestrado em Cuidados Paliativos na Escola Superior de Saúde Dr. Lopes Dias do Instituto Politécnico de Castelo Branco, como parte dos requisitos necessários para obter o grau de Mestre em Cuidados Paliativos (CP). Como forma de me tornar perito e competente nesta área, a realização de um estágio clínico num serviço de CP foi uma oportunidade para aprimorar as competências teóricas adquiridas, incentivada pela autorreflexão e pelo pensamento crítico.
Os CP são fornecidos por unidades e equipas específicas, em diversos contextos (incluindo o domicílio), a doentes (e suas famílias) em situação de sofrimento decorrente de doença incurável ou grave, em fase avançado e/ou progressiva. O principal objetivo é promover o bem-estar e a qualidade de vida, por meio da prevenção e alívio do sofrimento com base na identificação precoce e tratamento rigoroso da dor e de outros problemas físicos, além de questões psicossociais e espirituais.
Os dados indicam que em Portugal, os CP não são oferecidos a todos os doentes que deles necessitam, seja devido à identificação insuficiente dessas necessidades, seja por falta de recursos. Os Cuidados de Saúde Primários (CSP) e os seus profissionais têm uma presença comunitária e próxima aos doentes, e, apesar de serem disciplinas distintas, a Medicina Geral e Familiar (MGF) e os CP compartilham vários princípios comuns, colocando os médicos de família (e outros profissionais com habilidades inerentes) numa posição privilegiada no que diz respeito ao seu envolvimento na prestação de CP, aumentando assim a acessibilidade para doentes com necessidades paliativas. Foi desenvolvido um projeto de intervenção com o objetivo de aumentar o acesso dos doentes com necessidades paliativas a esses cuidados, por meio da formação de profissionais na identificação de necessidades paliativas, melhoria nos circuitos de referenciação/comunicação entre prestadores de cuidados e aumento da literatura em saúde na comunidade.
Abstract: This dissertation is being carried out as part of the 8th Master's Degree in Palliative Care at Escola Superior de Saúde Dr. Lopes Dias of Instituto Politécnico de Castelo Branco. It fulfills one of the requirements necessary to obtain the Master's degree in Palliative Care (PC). Undertaking a clinical internship in a PC service has been an opportunity to enhance the skills acquired through theoretical study, fostering self-reflection and critical thinking, and thus striving towards expertise and competence in this field. PC is provided by specialized units and teams, operating in various contexts, including patients' homes, to individuals (and their families) experiencing suffering due to an incurable or serious disease, particularly in its advanced and progressive stages. The primary objective is to enhance well-being and quality of life by preventing and alleviating suffering. This is achieved through early identification and comprehensive treatment of not only physical pain but also psychosocial and spiritual issues. The data indicate that in Portugal, PC is not being offered to all patients who need it, either due to insufficient identification of these needs or inadequate resources. Primary Health Care (PHC) and its professionals have a close and community-based presence with patients. Despite being distinct disciplines, General and Family Medicine, and PC share several common principles, placing family doctors (and other professionals with inherent skills) in a privileged position regarding their involvement in PC provision, thus enhancing accessibility for patients with palliative needs. An intervention project was developed with the aim of increasing access to PC for patients with palliative needs through professional training in identifying such needs, improving referral and communication channels between care providers, and expanding literature on community healthcare. Keywords
Abstract: This dissertation is being carried out as part of the 8th Master's Degree in Palliative Care at Escola Superior de Saúde Dr. Lopes Dias of Instituto Politécnico de Castelo Branco. It fulfills one of the requirements necessary to obtain the Master's degree in Palliative Care (PC). Undertaking a clinical internship in a PC service has been an opportunity to enhance the skills acquired through theoretical study, fostering self-reflection and critical thinking, and thus striving towards expertise and competence in this field. PC is provided by specialized units and teams, operating in various contexts, including patients' homes, to individuals (and their families) experiencing suffering due to an incurable or serious disease, particularly in its advanced and progressive stages. The primary objective is to enhance well-being and quality of life by preventing and alleviating suffering. This is achieved through early identification and comprehensive treatment of not only physical pain but also psychosocial and spiritual issues. The data indicate that in Portugal, PC is not being offered to all patients who need it, either due to insufficient identification of these needs or inadequate resources. Primary Health Care (PHC) and its professionals have a close and community-based presence with patients. Despite being distinct disciplines, General and Family Medicine, and PC share several common principles, placing family doctors (and other professionals with inherent skills) in a privileged position regarding their involvement in PC provision, thus enhancing accessibility for patients with palliative needs. An intervention project was developed with the aim of increasing access to PC for patients with palliative needs through professional training in identifying such needs, improving referral and communication channels between care providers, and expanding literature on community healthcare. Keywords
Description
Dissertação apresentada à Escola Superior de Saúde Dr. Lopes Dias do Instituto Politécnico de Castelo para cumprimento dos requisitos necessários à obtenção do grau de Mestre em Cuidados Paliativos.
Keywords
Cuidados paliativos Acessibilidade Cuidados de saúde primários Médico de família Palliative care Accessibility Primary health care Family doctor