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Avaliação da prevalência de aterosclerose carotídea na cidade de Castelo Branco
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Abstract(s)
Introdução: As doenças cardiovasculares, tal como a aterosclerose carotídea estão entre as principais causas de mortalidade e morbilidade em todo o mundo.
Objetivo: Determinar a prevalência de aterosclerose carotídea, a prevalência dos diferentes tipos de placa aterosclerótica na população da cidade de Castelo Branco e correlacioná-los com os principais fatores de risco cardiovasculares.
Métodos: É um estudo transversal, descritivo correlacional, realizado a 796 indivíduos da cidade de Castelo Branco, com uma faixa etária igual ou superior a 30 anos, aos quais foi aplicado um questionário, no qual se obtiveram dados antropométricos, história clínica e fatores de risco cardiovasculares. Foi também realizado Triplex Cervical, de acordo com o descrito em Extracranial Cerebrovascular Ultrasound – Practice Guideline.
Resultados: Dos 796 inquiridos, 66,3% eram do género feminino e 33,7% eram do género masculino, com uma média de idades de 68.63 ± 17,752 anos. A hipertensão arterial e a dislipidémia foram os fatores de risco mais prevalentes na população estudada, apresentando uma prevalência de 56,5% e 42,4%, respetivamente.
A prevalência de espessamento Íntima-Média foi de 57,5%. Os resultados obtidos mostram que 55,4% da população apresenta placas ateroscleróticas carotídeas, sendo que 37,9% apresenta placas fibrosadas, 18,7% placas calcificadas e 16% placas nodulares, relativamente às placas lipídicas não foi documentado nenhum caso.
Conclusão: Os fatores de risco que mais influenciam o espessamento Íntima-Média neste estudo são o género (p˂0,001), a idade (p˂0,001), a dislipidémia (p=0,007), a hipertensão arterial (p=0,011) e os antecedentes familiares de acidente vascular cerebral (p˂0,001). Relativamente a formação de placas ateroscleróticas carotídeas, os fatores de risco com maior efeito preditivo são a idade (p˂0,001), a hipertensão arterial (p=0,009), a diabetes mellitus (p=0,019), os antecedentes familiares de acidente vascular cerebral (p=0,028), a dislipidémia (p=0,032) e o índice de massa corporal (p=0,046).
ABSTRACT Introduction: Cardiovascular diseases, such as carotid atherosclerosis are among the leading causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Objective: To determine the prevalence of carotid atherosclerosis and the prevalence of the different types of atherosclerotic plaques in the population of the city of Castelo Branco and also correlate them with the main cardiovascular risk factors. Methods: Cross-sectional, descriptive co relational study held to 796 subjects in the city of Castelo Branco, with ages ≥ 30. A questionnaire was applied to obtain anthropometric data, clinical history and cardiovascular risk factors. Cervical Triplex was also performed according to the description in the Extracranial Cerebrovascular Ultrasound – Practice Guideline. Results: Overall, 66.3% of the subjects were female and 33.7% were male, with an average age of 68.63 ± 17.752 years. Hypertension and dyslipidemia were the most prevalent risk factors in the studied population with a prevalence of 56.5% and 42.4%, respectively. The prevalence of IM thickening was 57.5%. The results showed that 55.4% of the population has carotid atherosclerotic plaques, being 37.9% fibrous plaques, 18.7% calcified plaques and 16% nodular plaques. Any case for lipid plaques was documented. Conclusion: The risk factors that most influence intima-media thickening in this study are gender (p ˂0.001), age (p ˂0.001), dyslipidemia (p = 0.003), arterial hypertension (p = 0.005) and stroke background (p ˂0.001). According to the formation of carotid atherosclerotic plaques the risk factors with more predictive effect are age (p ˂0.001), arterial hypertension (p = 0.013), diabetes mellitus (p = 0.009), dyslipidemia (p=0,002), stroke background (p=0,028) and body mass index (p=0,046).
ABSTRACT Introduction: Cardiovascular diseases, such as carotid atherosclerosis are among the leading causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Objective: To determine the prevalence of carotid atherosclerosis and the prevalence of the different types of atherosclerotic plaques in the population of the city of Castelo Branco and also correlate them with the main cardiovascular risk factors. Methods: Cross-sectional, descriptive co relational study held to 796 subjects in the city of Castelo Branco, with ages ≥ 30. A questionnaire was applied to obtain anthropometric data, clinical history and cardiovascular risk factors. Cervical Triplex was also performed according to the description in the Extracranial Cerebrovascular Ultrasound – Practice Guideline. Results: Overall, 66.3% of the subjects were female and 33.7% were male, with an average age of 68.63 ± 17.752 years. Hypertension and dyslipidemia were the most prevalent risk factors in the studied population with a prevalence of 56.5% and 42.4%, respectively. The prevalence of IM thickening was 57.5%. The results showed that 55.4% of the population has carotid atherosclerotic plaques, being 37.9% fibrous plaques, 18.7% calcified plaques and 16% nodular plaques. Any case for lipid plaques was documented. Conclusion: The risk factors that most influence intima-media thickening in this study are gender (p ˂0.001), age (p ˂0.001), dyslipidemia (p = 0.003), arterial hypertension (p = 0.005) and stroke background (p ˂0.001). According to the formation of carotid atherosclerotic plaques the risk factors with more predictive effect are age (p ˂0.001), arterial hypertension (p = 0.013), diabetes mellitus (p = 0.009), dyslipidemia (p=0,002), stroke background (p=0,028) and body mass index (p=0,046).
Description
Keywords
Prevalência Espessamento íntima-média Fatores de risco cardiovasculares Prevalence Intima-media thickness Cardiovascular risk factors
Citation
LOPES, Tiago; ALVES, Ana; PEREIRA, Alexandre (2015) - Avaliação da prevalência de aterosclerose carotídea na cidade de Castelo Branco. Cardiopulmonar. Ano XXVI, nº 1, p. 40-47
Publisher
Associação Portuguesa de Cardiopneumologistas