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Diferenças na funcionalidade e na satisfação com a vida em idosos praticantes e não praticantes de um programa regular de atividade física
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Abstract(s)
O envelhecimento é um processo biológico inevitável que envolve mudanças físicas e psicossociais. Em Portugal, seguindo as tendências globais, tem-se verificado um aumento da esperança de vida. Nesse contexto, a atividade física destaca-se como um fator importante para atenuar os efeitos do envelhecimento nas dimensões social, psicológica e biológica. Este estudo teve como objetivo verificar se os idosos praticantes de um programa regular de atividade física formal tiveram uma melhor perceção de satisfação com a vida do que os idosos não praticantes e se as diferenças estiveram diretamente relacionadas com o nível funcional dos idosos. A amostra incluiu 63 idosos do concelho de Oleiros, divididos entre praticantes (35) e não praticantes (28) de atividade física. A satisfação com a vida foi avaliada pelo questionário MOS SF-36v2 e o nível funcional pela bateria Senior Fitness Test. Os dados foram analisados com o software SPSS 29. Os resultados do estudo indicaram que os idosos praticantes de atividade física apresentaram diferenças estatisticamente significativas na perceção da qualidade de vida em várias dimensões, como função física, desempenho físico, vitalidade, desempenho emocional e saúde geral. No sexo masculino, essas diferenças estatisticamente significativas foram ainda mais evidentes, abrangendo também dor corporal e mudança em saúde. No sexo feminino, apenas a dimensão vitalidade mostrou diferenças estatisticamente significativas. Quanto ao nível funcional, os praticantes obtiveram diferenças estatisticamente significativas em quase todas as variáveis, exceto na flexibilidade inferior e no IMC. Estas diferenças também se verificaram de forma consistente em ambos os sexos. Além das diferenças estatisticamente significativas, os resultados demonstraram efeitos práticos relevantes, o que reforçou a robustez e a relevância funcional das diferenças observadas. Houve ainda correlações positivas estatisticamente significativas entre a qualidade de vida e o nível funcional entre os praticantes, especialmente nas capacidades de força e resistência dos membros superiores e inferiores e, resistência cardiovascular. No sexo masculino confirmou-se essa tendência nas capacidades de força e resistência dos membros superiores e, resistência cardiovascular, para além de verificar ainda uma correlação positiva com a flexibilidade inferior. Por outro lado, o sexo feminino apresenta apenas uma correlação positiva com a força e resistência dos membros inferiores. Entre os não praticantes, observaram-se correlações negativas estatisticamente significativas com a velocidade, agilidade e equilíbrio dinâmico. No sexo feminino essa tendência confirmou-se, enquanto no sexo masculino apenas se observam correlações negativas estatisticamente significativas com o IMC. Concluiu-se que a prática de atividade física revelou uma melhor perceção da qualidade de vida e maior funcionalidade, com correlações positivas estatisticamente significativas, enquanto nos não praticantes surgiram apenas associações negativas pontuais e limitadas.
Abstract: Ageing is an inevitable biological process that involves physical and psychosocial changes. In Portugal, following global trends, there has been an increase in life expectancy. In this context, physical activity stands out as an important factor in mitigating the effects of ageing in social, psychological, and biological dimensions. This study aimed to verify whether older adults who participated in regular formal physical activity program had a better perception of life satisfaction than older adults who did not participate and whether the differences were directly related to the functional level of the older adults. The sample included 63 elderly people from the municipality of Oleiros, divided between those who practised physical activity (35) and those who did not (28). Life satisfaction was assessed using the MOS SF-36v2 questionnaire, and functional level using the Senior Fitness Test battery. The data were analysed using SPSS 29 software. The results of the study indicated that elderly people who practised physical activity showed statistically significant differences in their perception of quality of life in several dimensions, such physical function, physical performance, vitality, emotional performance and general health. These statistically significant differences in males were even more evident, covering body pain and health changes. In females, only the vitality dimension showed statistically significant differences. Regarding functional level, practitioners obtained statistically significant differences in almost all variables, except for lower flexibility and BMI. These differences were also consistently observed in both sexes. In addition to statistically significant differences, the results demonstrated relevant practical effects, which reinforced the robustness and functional relevance of the observed differences. There were also statistically significant positive correlations between quality of life and the functional level among practitioners, especially in strength and endurance capacities of the upper and lower limbs, and cardiovascular endurance. In the males, this trend was confirmed in the capacities of strength and endurance of the upper limbs and cardiovascular endurance, in addition to also finding a positive correlation with lower flexibility. On the other hand, the females show only a positive correlation with the strength and endurance of the lower limbs. Among non-practitioners, statistically significant negative correlations were observed with speed, agility, and dynamic balance. In females, this trend was confirmed, while in males, only statistically significant negative correlations with BMI were observed. It was concluded that physical activity revealed a better perception of quality of life and greater functionality, with statistically significant positive correlations. At the same time, there were only occasional and limited negative associations among nonpractitioners.
Abstract: Ageing is an inevitable biological process that involves physical and psychosocial changes. In Portugal, following global trends, there has been an increase in life expectancy. In this context, physical activity stands out as an important factor in mitigating the effects of ageing in social, psychological, and biological dimensions. This study aimed to verify whether older adults who participated in regular formal physical activity program had a better perception of life satisfaction than older adults who did not participate and whether the differences were directly related to the functional level of the older adults. The sample included 63 elderly people from the municipality of Oleiros, divided between those who practised physical activity (35) and those who did not (28). Life satisfaction was assessed using the MOS SF-36v2 questionnaire, and functional level using the Senior Fitness Test battery. The data were analysed using SPSS 29 software. The results of the study indicated that elderly people who practised physical activity showed statistically significant differences in their perception of quality of life in several dimensions, such physical function, physical performance, vitality, emotional performance and general health. These statistically significant differences in males were even more evident, covering body pain and health changes. In females, only the vitality dimension showed statistically significant differences. Regarding functional level, practitioners obtained statistically significant differences in almost all variables, except for lower flexibility and BMI. These differences were also consistently observed in both sexes. In addition to statistically significant differences, the results demonstrated relevant practical effects, which reinforced the robustness and functional relevance of the observed differences. There were also statistically significant positive correlations between quality of life and the functional level among practitioners, especially in strength and endurance capacities of the upper and lower limbs, and cardiovascular endurance. In the males, this trend was confirmed in the capacities of strength and endurance of the upper limbs and cardiovascular endurance, in addition to also finding a positive correlation with lower flexibility. On the other hand, the females show only a positive correlation with the strength and endurance of the lower limbs. Among non-practitioners, statistically significant negative correlations were observed with speed, agility, and dynamic balance. In females, this trend was confirmed, while in males, only statistically significant negative correlations with BMI were observed. It was concluded that physical activity revealed a better perception of quality of life and greater functionality, with statistically significant positive correlations. At the same time, there were only occasional and limited negative associations among nonpractitioners.
Description
Dissertação apresentada à Escola Superior de Educação do Instituto Politécnico de Castelo Branco para cumprimento dos requisitos necessários à obtenção do grau de Mestre em Atividade Física.
Keywords
Envelhecimento Envelhecimento ativo Qualidade de vida Atividade física Capacidade funcional Ageing Active ageing Quality of life Physical activity Functional capacity