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Avaliação momentânea ecológica dos comportamentos de atividade física e sedentários numa população idosa urbana e rural da Beira Baixa
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Abstract(s)
Os estilos de vida da população têm vindo a alterar-se por meio da adoção de vários comportamentos inadequados, tais como a redução dos níveis de atividade física e aumento do comportamento sedentário. Para além de trazer graves consequências para a saúde, a qualidade de vida das pessoas diminui cada vez mais. Contudo, aumentar os níveis de atividade física parecem ajudar na prevenção de quedas, na melhoria da capacidade cardiovascular e força muscular, nos idosos. Neste sentido, é necessário adquirir uma maior compreensão sobre estes dois comportamentos, no que toca aos contextos sociais e ambientais em que ocorrem. No entanto, a existência de pouco conteúdo literário desta temática motivou-nos a debruçar sobre ela. Portanto, o objetivo deste estudo é descrever o tempo passado em comportamentos diários de atividade física e sedentários de idosos residentes em meios urbanos e rurais da Beira Baixa, com recurso à avaliação momentânea ecológica, para que fossem captados os contextos de realização desses comportamentos. A presente investigação abrangeu duas populações de diferentes meios da Beira Baixa: meio rural e meio urbano. No total, participaram 40 pessoas com idades entre os 62 e 95 anos. Os dados foram recolhidos através de fichas de registo de diário de avaliação momentânea ecológica, com intervalos de 20 minutos. Assim sendo, foi possível observar que os idosos de ambos os meios apresentam níveis de atividade física inferiores nos dias de fim-de-semana em detrimento dos dias de semana, confirmando que é um fator que merece toda a sua atenção nas intervenções com idosos para aumentar os níveis de atividade física. Relativamente aos níveis de comportamento sedentário, os idosos do meio rural apresentaram valores mais elevados nos dias de fim-de-semana comparativamente aos de semana, enquanto nos idosos do meio urbano o valor é mais alto durante a semana. Face aos contextos sociais e ambientais, os idosos ocuparam grande parte do seu tempo em casa e com familiares, tanto a permanecerem sedentários como em atividade física. Excetuando os comportamentos de atividade física que foram, em grande parte, realizados sem qualquer companhia. Estes resultados sugerem que é possível um indivíduo ser-se fisicamente ativo e despender muito tempo em comportamentos sedentários. Deste modo, é importante que tudo isto deva ser considerado no planeamento das intervenções com idosos, objetivando a promoção de estilos de vida ativos e saudáveis nesta população.
Abstract: Population’s lifestyles have been changing through the adoption of several inappropriate behaviours, such as reduced levels of physical activity and increased sedentary behaviour. In addition to bringing serious health consequences, people's quality of life increasingly decreases. However, increasing levels of physical activity seems to help in preventing falls, improving cardiovascular capacity and muscle strength in the elderly. In this sense, it is necessary to acquire a greater understanding of these two behaviours, regarding the social and environmental contexts in which they occur. However, the existence of little literary content on this theme motivated us to address it. Therefore, the aim of this study is to describe the time spent in daily physical activity and sedentary behaviours of older adults living in urban and rural areas of Beira Baixa, using ecological momentary assessment in order to capture the contexts in which these behaviours take place. This research covered two populations from different environments in Beira Baixa: rural and urban. In total, 40 people aged between 62 and 95 years old participated. The data was collected through diary record sheets of ecological momentary assessment, at 20 minutes intervals. Therefore, it was possible to observe that the elderly from both environments present lower levels of physical activity on weekend days to the detriment of weekdays, confirming that it is a factor that deserves their full attention in interventions with the elderly to increase physical activity levels. With regard to the levels of sedentary behaviour, the elderly in rural areas showed higher values on weekend days compared to weekdays, while in urban areas the value is higher during the week. Given the social and environmental contexts, the elderly occupied a large part of their time at home and with relatives, both sedentary and physically active. Except for the physical activity behaviours that were largely performed without any company. These results suggest that it is possible for an individual to be physically active and spend a lot of time in sedentary behaviours. Thus, it is important that all this should be taken into account when planning interventions with older people, aiming at promoting active and healthy lifestyles in this population.
Abstract: Population’s lifestyles have been changing through the adoption of several inappropriate behaviours, such as reduced levels of physical activity and increased sedentary behaviour. In addition to bringing serious health consequences, people's quality of life increasingly decreases. However, increasing levels of physical activity seems to help in preventing falls, improving cardiovascular capacity and muscle strength in the elderly. In this sense, it is necessary to acquire a greater understanding of these two behaviours, regarding the social and environmental contexts in which they occur. However, the existence of little literary content on this theme motivated us to address it. Therefore, the aim of this study is to describe the time spent in daily physical activity and sedentary behaviours of older adults living in urban and rural areas of Beira Baixa, using ecological momentary assessment in order to capture the contexts in which these behaviours take place. This research covered two populations from different environments in Beira Baixa: rural and urban. In total, 40 people aged between 62 and 95 years old participated. The data was collected through diary record sheets of ecological momentary assessment, at 20 minutes intervals. Therefore, it was possible to observe that the elderly from both environments present lower levels of physical activity on weekend days to the detriment of weekdays, confirming that it is a factor that deserves their full attention in interventions with the elderly to increase physical activity levels. With regard to the levels of sedentary behaviour, the elderly in rural areas showed higher values on weekend days compared to weekdays, while in urban areas the value is higher during the week. Given the social and environmental contexts, the elderly occupied a large part of their time at home and with relatives, both sedentary and physically active. Except for the physical activity behaviours that were largely performed without any company. These results suggest that it is possible for an individual to be physically active and spend a lot of time in sedentary behaviours. Thus, it is important that all this should be taken into account when planning interventions with older people, aiming at promoting active and healthy lifestyles in this population.
Description
Dissertação apresentada à Escola Superior de Educação do Instituto Politécnico de Castelo Branco para cumprimento dos requisitos necessários à obtenção do grau de Mestre em Atividade Física.
Keywords
Avaliação momentânea ecológica Padrões Comportamento sedentário Atividade física Idoso Ecological momentary assessment Patterns Sedentary behavior Physical activity Elderly