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Efeito de um programa de intervenção em hipoterapia no perfil psicomotor de um Jovem com perturbação do espetro do autismo: estudo de caso
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Abstract(s)
A criança com perturbação do espetro do autismo (PEA) tem características únicas de um ser capaz de uma inteligência diferente de outras crianças, tendo dificuldades na relação com o meio que o rodeia, podendo prejudicar o desenvolvimento de competências cognitivas.
A hipoterapia permite a estimulação ao nível cognitivo, físico, motor e afectivo. Através desta terapia é possível exercer uma nova forma de linguagem e de comunicação. Porém é na linguagem e na comunicação que se centram as maiores dificuldades das crianças autista originando ausência de socialização.
O objectivo deste estudo centra-se na intervenção hipoterapêutica a um sujeito, com 20 anos, do género masculino com perturbação do espetro do autismo, com foco na melhoria do perfil psicomotor e dos seus fatores.
O instrumento inicialmente aplicado foi a Bateria Psicomotora (BPM) para identificar o perfil psicomotor do jovem e quais os fatores psicomotores mais fracos.
Posteriormente realizaram-se 12 sessões de hipoterapia, 1 sessão por semana, no período da manhã com a duração de 45 minutos, com vista a melhorar os fatores mais fracos e voltou-se aplicar a BPM.
O fator mais fraco foi a Estruturação Espácio-temporal, com a cotação de 1 ponto e a Praxia Fina também com 1 ponto.
O fator mais forte foi a Lateralização com a cotação de 3 pontos. Todos os outros fatores Tonicidade, Equilibração, Noção de Corpo e Praxia Global obtiveram todos a cotação de 2 pontos. No entendo a média da Equilibração foi 1,9, da Noção de Corpo e foi de 1,6 e da Praxia Global foi de 1,5 pontos.
Verificaram-se algumas melhorias através das sessões de hipoterapia, no perfil psicomotor e nos fatores mais fracos que foram trabalhados.
Nos fatores, tonicidade, equilibração, lateralização e noção de corpo não se verificaram melhorias nos valores médios finais da avaliação inicial para a final. A estruturação espácio temporal, a praxia global e a praxia fina foram os três fatores que evoluíram da avaliação inicial para a final.
Observou-se que o jovem na avaliação inicial apresentava um perfil dispráxico (satisfatório), mas após a implementação das sessões de hipoterapia, apresentou um perfil eupráxico (normal).
The child with Autism Spectrum Disorder (PEA) has unique characteristics of a being capable of a different intelligence from other children, having difficulties in the relation with surroundings that can impair the development of cognitive competences. Hypotherapy allows stimulation at the cognitive, physical, motor and affective levels. Through this therapy it is possible to exercise a new form of language and communication. However, it is in language and communication that the greatest difficulties of autistic children are centered, resulting in the absence of socialization. The objective of this study is to focus on the hypotherapeutic intervention of a 20-year-old male subject with autism spectrum disorder, focusing on improving the psychomotor profile and its factors. The instrument initially applied was the Psychomotor Battery (BPM) to identify the psychomotor profile of the youngster and which were the weaker psychomotor factors. Subsequently, 12 hippotherapy sessions were performed, 1 session per week, in the morning with duration of 45 minutes, in order to improve the weaker factos and applied the BPM again. The weaker factor was the Espacio-temporal structuring, with a price of 1 point and fine motor skills also with 1 point. The strongest factor was the Lateralization with the quotation of 3 points. All other factors Tonicity, Equilibration, Body Notion and Gross Motor Skills all obtained the quotation of 2 points. I do not understand the average of the Equilibration was 1.9, of the Body Notion and was 1.6 and Gross Motor Skills was 1.5 points. There were some improvements through the hippotherapy sessions, the psychomotor profile and the weaker factors that were worked out. In the factors, tonicity, equilibration, lateralization and notion of body, there was no improvement in the final values from the initial evaluation to the final one. Structuring temporal space, gross motor skills and fine motor skills were the three factors that evolved from the initial evaluation to the final one. It was observed that the young person in the initial evaluation had a dyspraxic (satisfactory) profile, but after the implementation of the hippotherapy sessions, he presented a (normal) euphoric profile.
The child with Autism Spectrum Disorder (PEA) has unique characteristics of a being capable of a different intelligence from other children, having difficulties in the relation with surroundings that can impair the development of cognitive competences. Hypotherapy allows stimulation at the cognitive, physical, motor and affective levels. Through this therapy it is possible to exercise a new form of language and communication. However, it is in language and communication that the greatest difficulties of autistic children are centered, resulting in the absence of socialization. The objective of this study is to focus on the hypotherapeutic intervention of a 20-year-old male subject with autism spectrum disorder, focusing on improving the psychomotor profile and its factors. The instrument initially applied was the Psychomotor Battery (BPM) to identify the psychomotor profile of the youngster and which were the weaker psychomotor factors. Subsequently, 12 hippotherapy sessions were performed, 1 session per week, in the morning with duration of 45 minutes, in order to improve the weaker factos and applied the BPM again. The weaker factor was the Espacio-temporal structuring, with a price of 1 point and fine motor skills also with 1 point. The strongest factor was the Lateralization with the quotation of 3 points. All other factors Tonicity, Equilibration, Body Notion and Gross Motor Skills all obtained the quotation of 2 points. I do not understand the average of the Equilibration was 1.9, of the Body Notion and was 1.6 and Gross Motor Skills was 1.5 points. There were some improvements through the hippotherapy sessions, the psychomotor profile and the weaker factors that were worked out. In the factors, tonicity, equilibration, lateralization and notion of body, there was no improvement in the final values from the initial evaluation to the final one. Structuring temporal space, gross motor skills and fine motor skills were the three factors that evolved from the initial evaluation to the final one. It was observed that the young person in the initial evaluation had a dyspraxic (satisfactory) profile, but after the implementation of the hippotherapy sessions, he presented a (normal) euphoric profile.
Description
Trabalho de Projeto apresentado à Escola Superior de Educação para cumprimento dos requisitos necessários à obtenção do grau de Mestre em Educação Especial-Domínio Cognitivo e Motor.
Keywords
Perturbação do Espetro do Autismo Bateria psicomotora Hipoterapia Estudo de caso Adulto Autism Spectrum Disorder Psychomotor battery Hippotherapy Case study Adult