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O direito dos consumidores à proteção da saúde e segurança física
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O Direito à Proteção da Saúde e Segurança Física dos consumidores é abordado, gene-ricamente, na Constituição da República Portuguesa (CRP) e na Lei de Defesa do Consu-midor (LDC). O respetivo tratamento legislativo alargado encontra-se disperso por dois diplomas, estreitamente ligados, que, tendo funções distintas, são, de certa forma, comple-mentares. Referimo-nos, pois, aos DL 69/2005, de 17 de março e 383/89, de 6 de novem-bro, que dizem respeito, respetivamente, às garantias de segurança dos produtos e serviços colocados no mercado e à responsabilidade objetiva do produtor decorrente de produtos defeituosos, e que contribuem para a concretização da obrigação geral de segurança. Os dois DL referidos estão estreitamente ligados, como se disse, uma vez que, por um lado, a respon-sabilidade civil desempenha uma função preventiva quanto à comercialização de produtos ou prestação de serviços inseguros e, por outro, em ambos os diplomas, a noção de defeito reside na falta de segurança e não apenas na falta de qualidade. Pese embora o presente estudo tenha como principal propósito a temática, em concreto, da segurança geral dos produtos, far-se-á referência ao regime da responsabilidade objetiva do produtor decorrente de produtos defeituosos, por considerarmos ambos os regimes indissociáveis. Nesse sentido, decidimos alicerçar a estrutura do artigo, numa primeira fase, na incontornável noção de consumidor estabelecendo critérios delimitativos que permitam construir um conceito, na medida em que, sendo a proteção dos consumidores o objeto do Direito do Consumo, a determinação de quem é consumidor é imperativa para se entender, na plenitude, o âmbito de aplicação das normas que regulam as relações jurídicas em que seja parte. Prosseguimos, numa segunda fase, à análise sucinta do quadro jurídico geral de proteção dos consumidores e, por fim, debruçar-nos-emos, por um lado, na análise dos regimes que concorrem para a prossecução da obrigação geral de segurança e, por outro, na Nova Agenda do Consumidor da Comissão Europeia, no que a esta matéria diz respeito.
ABSTRACT: The right to the protection of the health and physical safety of consumers is generically addressed in the Constitution of the Portuguese Republic (CRP) and in the Consumer Protection Law (LDC). The respective broadened legislative treatment is spread over two closely linked statutes, which, having distinct functions, are, in a certain way, complemen-tary. We are referring, therefore, to DL 69/2005, of March 17th and 383/89, of November 6th, which concern, respectively, the safety guarantees of products and services placed on the market and the strict liability of the resulting producer. defective products, and that contribute to the fulfillment of the general safety obligation. The two DL referred to are closely linked, as mentioned, since, on the one hand, civil liability plays a preventive role in the marketing of unsafe products or services and, on the other, in both diplomas, the notion of the defect lies in the lack of security and not just the lack of quality. Although this study has as its main purpose the theme, specifically, the general safety of products, reference will be made to the strict liability regime of the producer arising from defective products, as we consider both regimes inseparable. In this sense, we decided to base the structure of the arti-cle, in a first phase, on the unavoidable notion of consumer, establishing delimiting criteria that allow the construction of a concept, as, being consumer protection the object of Con-sumer Law, the determination of who it is consumer is imperative to fully understand the scope of application of the rules that regulate the legal relationships in which he is a party. In a second phase, we will proceed with the succinct analysis of the general legal framework for consumer protection and, finally, we will focus, on the one hand, on the analysis of the regimes that contribute to the pursuit of the general safety obligation and, on the other hand, in the New Consumer Agenda of the European Commission, regarding this matter.
ABSTRACT: The right to the protection of the health and physical safety of consumers is generically addressed in the Constitution of the Portuguese Republic (CRP) and in the Consumer Protection Law (LDC). The respective broadened legislative treatment is spread over two closely linked statutes, which, having distinct functions, are, in a certain way, complemen-tary. We are referring, therefore, to DL 69/2005, of March 17th and 383/89, of November 6th, which concern, respectively, the safety guarantees of products and services placed on the market and the strict liability of the resulting producer. defective products, and that contribute to the fulfillment of the general safety obligation. The two DL referred to are closely linked, as mentioned, since, on the one hand, civil liability plays a preventive role in the marketing of unsafe products or services and, on the other, in both diplomas, the notion of the defect lies in the lack of security and not just the lack of quality. Although this study has as its main purpose the theme, specifically, the general safety of products, reference will be made to the strict liability regime of the producer arising from defective products, as we consider both regimes inseparable. In this sense, we decided to base the structure of the arti-cle, in a first phase, on the unavoidable notion of consumer, establishing delimiting criteria that allow the construction of a concept, as, being consumer protection the object of Con-sumer Law, the determination of who it is consumer is imperative to fully understand the scope of application of the rules that regulate the legal relationships in which he is a party. In a second phase, we will proceed with the succinct analysis of the general legal framework for consumer protection and, finally, we will focus, on the one hand, on the analysis of the regimes that contribute to the pursuit of the general safety obligation and, on the other hand, in the New Consumer Agenda of the European Commission, regarding this matter.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Segurança geral dos produtos Conceito de consumidor Direito à proteção da segurança e saúde física Responsabilidade objetiva do produtor General product safety Consumer concept Right to protection of physical health and safety Strict responsability of the producer
Contexto Educativo
Citação
FALCÃO, David (2021) - O direito dos consumidores à proteção da saúde e segurança física. GESTIN. ISSN 1645-2534. Ano 19, nº 23, p. 83-96.
Editora
Escola Superior de Gestão de Idanha-a-Nova