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Período experimental (e princípio da segurança no emprego) : as mais recentes alterações (2019-2023)
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Durante o período experimental não vigora, na sua plenitude, o princípio constitucional da segurança no emprego. Em virtude da débil estabilidade do vínculo laboral, durante o referido período inicial de execução do contrato, vários têm sidos os desafios lançados ao legislador, principalmente pela doutrina, no sentido de blindar os interesses dos trabalhadores contra denúncias contratuais abusivas. Por outro lado, tendo sido subtraídos os trabalhadores à procura de primeiro emprego e em situação de desemprego de longa duração do catálogo de motivos justificativos da celebração de contrato de trabalho a termo, e que podiam ser contratados de forma precária pelo simples facto de se enquadrarem nesta categoria, o legislador, decidiu, que estes mesmo trabalhadores, quando contratados por tempo indeterminado, passariam a estar sujeitos a um período experimental de 180 dias. Tal solução mereceu críticas fundadas na violação do princípio da segurança no emprego. O Tribunal Constitucional pronunciou-se e o legislador interveio. Cabe, pois, neste artigo, analisarmos as mais recentes alterações ao regime do período experimental, comentando, especificamente, as introduzidas pela Lei n.º 13/2023, de 3 de abril, na sequência da agenda de trabalho digno, com especial foco na relação entre o período experimental e o princípio da segurança no emprego.
ABSTRACT: During the experimental period, the constitutional principle of job security does not fully apply. Due to the weak labor stability, during the referred initial period of execution of the contract, several challenges have been launched to the legislator, mainly by the doctrine, in the sense of shielding the interests of the workers, against abusive contractual termination. On the other hand, workers looking for their first job and in a situation of long-term unemployment having been subtracted from the catalog of reasons justifying the conclusion of a fixed-term employment contract, and who could be hired on a precarious basis for the simple fact of fall into this category, the legislator decided that these same workers, when hired for an indefinite period, would be subject to an experimental period of 180 days. This solution was criticized based on the principle of job security. The Constitutional Court ruled, and the legislator intervened. Therefore, in this article, we analyze the most recent changes to the regime of the experimental period, specifically commenting on those introduced by Law n.º 13/2023, of April 3, following the decent work agenda, with special focus on relationship between the trial period and the principle of job security.
ABSTRACT: During the experimental period, the constitutional principle of job security does not fully apply. Due to the weak labor stability, during the referred initial period of execution of the contract, several challenges have been launched to the legislator, mainly by the doctrine, in the sense of shielding the interests of the workers, against abusive contractual termination. On the other hand, workers looking for their first job and in a situation of long-term unemployment having been subtracted from the catalog of reasons justifying the conclusion of a fixed-term employment contract, and who could be hired on a precarious basis for the simple fact of fall into this category, the legislator decided that these same workers, when hired for an indefinite period, would be subject to an experimental period of 180 days. This solution was criticized based on the principle of job security. The Constitutional Court ruled, and the legislator intervened. Therefore, in this article, we analyze the most recent changes to the regime of the experimental period, specifically commenting on those introduced by Law n.º 13/2023, of April 3, following the decent work agenda, with special focus on relationship between the trial period and the principle of job security.
Descrição
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Período experimental Trabalho digno Lei nº 13/2023 de 3 de abril Princípio da segurança no emprego Denúncia abusiva Experimental period Decent work Law nº 13/2023 of April 3 Principle of job security Termination of the contract
Contexto Educativo
Citação
FALCÃO, David ; FALCÃO, Marta (2022) - Período experimental (e princípio da segurança no emprego) : as mais recentes alterações (2019-2023). Revista do CEJ. ISSN 1645-829X. Nº 2, p. 111-120.
Editora
Centro de Estudos Judiciários