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Fertilização de alface (Lactuca sativa L.) em fase de viveiro com biofertilizantes: avaliação da inoculação de fungos micorrízicos arbusculares e bactérias fixadoras de azoto nos parâmetros produtivos
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Abstract(s)
Atualmente, a utilização de produtos à base de microrganismos benéficos (biofertilizantes) na fertilização de culturas hortícolas, em especial das cultivadas em modo de produção biológico, tem apresentado um interesse crescente. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da inoculação com fungos micorrízicos arbusculares e bactérias fixadoras de azoto na produção de alface em viveiro em modo de produção biológico. Avaliou-se o efeito destes biofertilizantes no desenvolvimento da alface, na sua composição química e colonização por micorrizas das raízes. Avaliou-se também o efeito dos biofertilizantes na composição química do substrato. O delineamento experimental foi completamente casualizado com 8 modalidades: Testemunha sem inoculação (T e E); com inoculação de bactérias fixadoras de azoto (B e EB); com inoculação de fungos micorrízicos arbusculares (M e EM) e com inoculação de ambos os grupos de microrganismos (BM e EBM). Estas 4 modalidades foram efetuadas em substrato não esterilizado e esterilizado (com indicação da letra E na modalidade) de forma a avaliar unicamente o efeito dos biofertilizantes no desenvolvimento da alface eliminando o possível efeito do microbioma nativo. A inoculação isolada de fungos micorrízicos arbusculares ou bactérias fixadoras de azoto melhorou a precocidade e produção de biomassa alface na fase de viveiro. Este efeito foi mais evidente nas modalidades realizadas em substrato não esterilizado. Na absorção de nutrientes, a inoculação isolada de fungos micorrízicos arbusculares aumentou significativamente a absorção de N, P, K, Ca e Mg em substrato não esterilizado. Este estudo foi prolongado num ensaio em vasos, que decorreu durante 1 mês com as mesmas modalidades. Neste ensaio, no geral, observou-se que a inoculação com micorrizas esteve associada a uma maior absorção de Ca, enquanto que a inoculação com bactérias originou uma maior produção de biomassa. Concluiu-se que os biofertilizantes em estudo podem contribuir para sistemas de produção de alface mais sustentáveis e que o microbioma nativo do solo desempenha um papel essencial e insubstituível potenciando os efeitos benéficos dos biofertilizantes.
Abstract: There is currently growing interest in the use of products based on beneficial microorganisms (biofertilizers) to fertilize horticultural crops, especially those grown organically. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and nitrogen-fixing bacteria on lettuce production in organic nurseries. The effect of these biofertilizers on lettuce development, its chemical composition, and mycorrhizal colonization of the roots was assessed. The effect of the biofertilizers on the chemical composition of the substrate was also assessed. The experimental design was completely randomized with 8 treatments: control without inoculation (T and E); with inoculation of nitrogen-fixing bacteria (B and EB); with inoculation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (M and EM) and with inoculation of both groups of microorganisms (BM and EBM). These 4 treatments were carried out on non-sterilized and sterilized substrate (with the letter E indicating the treatment) to assess only the effect of biofertilizers on lettuce development, eliminating the possible effect of the native microbiome. The isolated inoculation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi or nitrogen-fixing bacteria improved the earliness and biomass production of lettuce in the nursery phase. This effect was more evident in the treatments used in non-sterilized substrates. In terms of nutrient absorption, the isolated inoculation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi significantly increased the absorption of N, P, K, Ca, and Mg in non-sterilized substrate. This study was extended in a pot trial that ran for a month using the same treatments. In this trial, it was generally observed that inoculation with mycorrhizae was associated with greater Ca absorption, while inoculation with bacteria led to greater biomass production. It was concluded that the biofertilizers under study can contribute to more sustainable lettuce production systems and that the soil's native microbiome plays an essential and irreplaceable role in enhancing the beneficial effects of biofertilizers.
Abstract: There is currently growing interest in the use of products based on beneficial microorganisms (biofertilizers) to fertilize horticultural crops, especially those grown organically. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and nitrogen-fixing bacteria on lettuce production in organic nurseries. The effect of these biofertilizers on lettuce development, its chemical composition, and mycorrhizal colonization of the roots was assessed. The effect of the biofertilizers on the chemical composition of the substrate was also assessed. The experimental design was completely randomized with 8 treatments: control without inoculation (T and E); with inoculation of nitrogen-fixing bacteria (B and EB); with inoculation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (M and EM) and with inoculation of both groups of microorganisms (BM and EBM). These 4 treatments were carried out on non-sterilized and sterilized substrate (with the letter E indicating the treatment) to assess only the effect of biofertilizers on lettuce development, eliminating the possible effect of the native microbiome. The isolated inoculation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi or nitrogen-fixing bacteria improved the earliness and biomass production of lettuce in the nursery phase. This effect was more evident in the treatments used in non-sterilized substrates. In terms of nutrient absorption, the isolated inoculation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi significantly increased the absorption of N, P, K, Ca, and Mg in non-sterilized substrate. This study was extended in a pot trial that ran for a month using the same treatments. In this trial, it was generally observed that inoculation with mycorrhizae was associated with greater Ca absorption, while inoculation with bacteria led to greater biomass production. It was concluded that the biofertilizers under study can contribute to more sustainable lettuce production systems and that the soil's native microbiome plays an essential and irreplaceable role in enhancing the beneficial effects of biofertilizers.
Description
Trabalho de Projeto apresentado à Escola Superior Agrária de Castelo Branco do Instituto Politécnico de Castelo Branco para cumprimento dos requisitos necessários à obtenção do grau de Mestre em Engenharia Agronómica.
Keywords
Fungos micorrízicos arbusculares Bactérias fixadoras de azoto Alface Agricultura biológica Biofertilizantes Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi Nitrogen-fixing bacteria Organic farming Biofertilizers Lactuca sativa