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- Ecosystem services and biodiversity in regional development. The landscape approach.Publication . Quinta-Nova, Luís; Cabaceira, Suzete; Castanho, RuiThe establishment of the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment by the United Nations sparked increased interest in Ecosystem Services (ES), leading to the publication of various articles. Currently, the most accepted definition describes ES as the “benefits that people obtain from ecosystems.” An ecosystem is defined as a “dynamic complex of plant, animal, and microorganism communities and the nonliving environment, interacting as a functional unit”. Over time, the occupation and transformation of land use have markedly reduced the extent of natural habitats and significantly increased their fragmentation. This threatens biodiversity and has negatively affected ecosystems’ functions in producing goods and services essential to human societies. Developing and implementing an ecological network (EN) is considered an effective strategy for nature conservation, enhancing biodiversity and fostering ecological connectivity. In this context, EN adopts a comprehensive perspective on spatial planning, positioning it at the heart of a larger Green Infrastructure framework.