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Percorrer ESECB - Escola Superior de Educação por Objetivos de Desenvolvimento Sustentável (ODS) "05:Igualdade de Género"
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- Emotional intelligence mediates the relationship between sport type and social anxiety in adolescentsPublication . Fernandes, Helder Miguel; Costa, Henrique; Esteves, Pedro Tiago; Fonseca, Teresa; Honório, Samuel; Rodrigues, Aristides M. Machado; FrontiersBackground: Adolescence is a developmental period marked by heightened social anxiety vulnerability. Organized sport may protect mental health, but the psychological mechanisms linking sport type to social anxiety remain unclear. Objective: This study examined whether specific emotional intelligence dimensions mediate the association between sport type and social anxiety among adolescents, and whether sex or age moderates these relationships. Methods: The sample comprised 1036 adolescents (603 girls and 433 boys), aged 12-17 years. Participants completed self-report measures assessing sport participation (no sport = 684; individual 24 = 156; and team = 196), emotional intelligence, and social anxiety. Mediation and moderated mediation analyses were conducted using bootstrapped regression models. Results: The use of emotion emerged as the most consistent mediator between sport participation and lower levels of social anxiety. Both individual and team sports were indirectly associated with lower fear of negative evaluation, reduced social avoidance and distress through a greater use of emotion. Team sport participation also showed a direct positive association with fear of negative evaluation, indicating inconsistent mediation. Sex showed no significant moderation effect. Age influenced certain direct and indirect pathways, with team sport participation showing a transient positive association with fear of negative evaluation during early adolescence, buffered by stable protective indirect effects of use of emotion across ages. This is a provisional file, not the final typeset article. Conclusions: These findings indicate that sport participation types were indirectly 34 associated with lower social anxiety in adolescents through adaptive use of emotion, while also suggesting that team sport contexts may amplify evaluative pressures that increase fear of negative evaluation during early adolescence.
- Skeletal age assessed by Greulich-Pyle: Intra-observer and inter-observer agreement among male pubertal tennis playersPublication . Celis-Moreno, Jorge M.; Martinho, Diogo V.; Silva, Manuel J. Coelho; Fragoso, Isabel; Ribeiro, Luís P.; Gouveia, Élvio R.; Oliveira, Tomás; Santos, João Gonçalves; Tavares, Oscar M.; Cayolla, Ricardo R.; Konarski, Jan M.; Malina, Robert M.; Myburgh, Gillian K.; Cumming, Sean P.; Sherar, Lauren B.; Duarte-Mendes, PedroThe assessment of biological maturation is a central topic in pediatric exercise sciences. Skeletal age (SA) reflects changes in each bone of the hand and wrist from initial ossification to the adult state. This study examined intra-observer and inter-examiner agreement is Greulich-Pyle (GP) assessments of SA in 97 male tennis players 8.6–16.8 years of age. Two observers independently examined all films on two occasions using the GP method. The SA of each bone was evaluated. The mean and median of SAs assigned for each bone was the individual SA for each participant. The calculation was exclusively based on the bones that were not skeletally mature. Intra-observer mean differences were significant for several bones with better results by the experienced examiner (observer B). Comparisons between SA values of the two independent observers indicated significant differences for the ulna, metacarpals II and III, and distal phalanx V. Nevertheless, the magnitude of the bone-specific differences was small, perhaps trivial. Differences in individual SA values of the tennis players based on the non-mature bones of the hand-wrist were negligible based on the mean (0.04±0.39, t = 0.321, p = 0.749) or the median (0.05±0.58, t = 0.007, p = 0.994). Nevertheless, the current study confirmed examiners as a source of error in the estimation of SA using the Greulich-Pyle method and highlighted the importance of calculating SAs based on non-mature bones among adolescent players.