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- Motivation trans-contextual model application in the prediction of veteran athlete’s life satisfactionPublication . Batista, Marco; Honório, Samuel; Leyton, Marta; Jiménez Castuera, RuthBACKGROUND: This work presents an application extension of the motivation Trans-contextual Model, specifically in the prediction of veteran athletes’ life satisfaction. METHODS: A sample of 682 Portuguese veteran athletes of both genders, aged between 30 and 76 years old (M=43.64; SD=8.25) were used, in which, through questionnaires, the following was measured: basic psychological needs satisfaction, motivation, variables of planned behavior and life satisfaction. RESULTS: The structural equations model showed that social relation perception predicts positively and significantly autonomous motivation. In turn, it predicts attitudes positively and significantly, subjective norms and control perception, predicting these, positively and significantly the intentions. Satisfaction with life is positively and significantly predicted by intentions and control perception. CONCLUSIONS: From the results reached in this study, it is important to emphasize the importance of fostering social relations, since this will favor autonomous motivation, promoting a higher behavioral control over the practitioners’ intentions, generating greater life satisfaction.
- Diferenças em função do género das formas de motivação autodeterminada de atletas veteranosPublication . Batista, Marco; Jiménez Castuera, Ruth; Lobato, Susana; Leyton, Marta; Aspano, MariaO objetivo foi analisar as diferenças, em função do género, das formas da motivação autodeterminada e necessidades psicológicas básicas de atletas veteranos. A amostra foi composta por 320 atletas veteranos portugueses de ambos os géneros, de idades entre os 30 e os 60 anos (M=44 DP=8.6), competidores de várias modalidades. Como instrumentos de medida utilizou-se o Behavioral Regulation in Sport Questionnaire (BRSQ) e o Basic Psychological Needs Exercise Scale (BPNES). A análise de dados revelou que não existiam diferenças significativas quanto às formas de motivação autodeterminada, mostrando os atletas masculinos valores mais elevados de amotivação, regulação introjetada e motivação intrínseca. Porém, as atletas femininas apresentaram diferenças significativas a seu favor, na satisfação das necessidades psicológicas básicas. Este estudo apresenta-se como um contributo para a compreensão da função do desporto na promoção de bem-estar na população de veteranos, sendo de interesse aumentar a satisfação das necessidades psicológicas básicas no género masculino.
- Self-determined motivation and life satisfaction in portuguese veterans athletesPublication . Batista, Marco; Jiménez Castuera, Ruth; Leyton, Marta; Aspano, Maria; Lobato, SusanaThe aims of this work were to determine correlations and predictive variables, between the levels of motivation, basic psychological needs and life satisfaction of Portuguese veteran athletes. The sample consisted in 684 Portuguese veteran athletes of both genders, aged between 30 and 90 years (M = 43.78 DP = 8.61), competitors of various modalities. As instruments we used the Behavioral Regulation in Sport Questionnaire (BRSQ), the Basic Psychological Needs Scale Exercise (BPNES), the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) and Positives and Negatives Affections Scale (PANAS). It was applied the bivariate Pearson correlation test and multiple linear regression. The results showed that the veteran athletes present a good selfdetermination for the sport practice, being their welfare levels in life satisfaction related to the same self-determination, but rather dependent on the affections produced by sports. This study is presented as a contribution to understanding the role of sport in promoting wellness in veteran sports population.
- Validation of the Portuguese Version of the Healthy Lifestyle QuestionnairePublication . Batista, Marco; Leyton, Marta; Honório, Samuel; Santos, Jorge; Jiménez Castuera, RuthThe main objective of this study was the validation of the Healthy Lifestyle Questionnaire (EVS II), using a confirmatory factorial analysis of the measurement model, with veteran athletes. A total of 348 veteran Portuguese athletes of both genders, aged between 30 and 60 years (M = 41.64, SD = 9.83), of whom 200 were males and 148 were females, from several sports. The results of the confirmatory factor analysis demonstrate the adequacy of the adapted version of the EVS II, as the factorial structure (6 factors/24 items) has acceptable validity indexes: χ2 = 305.925, p = 0.000, df = 120.017, χ2/df = 2.549, NFI (Normed Fit Index) = 0.909, TLI (Tucker Lewis Index) = 0.918, CFI (Comparative Fit Index) = 0.944, GFI (Goodness of Fit Index) = 0.944, AGFI (Adjusted Goodness of Fit Index) = 0.909, SRMR (Standardized Root Mean Square Residual) = 0.048, RMSEA (Root Mean Square of Approximation) = 0.060, allowing evaluation of the dimensions of balanced diet, respect for mealtime, tobacco and alcohol consumption, other drugs consumption and resting habits. The adaptation to sport of the Portuguese version of EVS II can be used with reasonable confidence in the evaluation of healthy lifestyles in the context of sport
- Modelo transcontextual de la motivación en la predicción de estilos de vida saludablesPublication . Batista, Marco; Leyton, Marta; Lobato, Susana; Jiménez Castuera, RuthEl presente trabajo examinó la aplicación del Modelo Transcontextual de la Motivación en la predicción de estilos de vida saludables de atletas veteranos. Se utilizó una muestra de 682 atletas veteranos portugueses de ambos géneros, de edades comprendidas entre los 30 y los 76 años (M=43.64; DT=8.25), dónde a través de cuestionarios se ha medido: la satisfacción de las necesidades psicológicas básicas, la motivación, las variables del comportamiento planeado y los estilos de vida saludables. De las conclusiones alcanzadas en este trabajo, son de destacar la relevancia de fomentar la necesidad psicológica básica de relación social, ya que ésta favorecerá la motivación intrínseca, promoviendo un mayor control del comportamiento sobre las intenciones de los practicantes, generando así mejores hábitos alimenticios, hábitos de descanso y menor consumo de tabaco.
- Self-determined motivation and subjective well- being in Portuguese veteran athletes in different sports.Publication . Batista, Marco; Leyton, Marta; Serrano, João; Petrica, João; Honório, Samuel; Rocha, João; Santos, Jorge; Silveira, Paulo; Jiménez Castuera, RuthWith the increase of life expectancy associated to the need for a healthy lifestyle, there has been an increase in the number of persons involved in veterans' sports activities. The objective of this study was to evaluate the levels of self-determination for sports practice and subjective well-being in veteran athletes, depending on the different type of sports practiced. For data collection, the validated Portuguese versions of the Basic Psychological Needs Exercise Scale (BPNES), the Behaviour Regulation Sport Questionnaire (BRSQ), the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) and the Positive and Negative Affects Scale (PANAS) were used. The study sample consisted of 684 Portuguese veterans athletes of both genders, aged between 30 and 90 years (M = 43.78 SD = 8.61), of which 86.3% (590 individuals) of the male gender and 13,7% (94 individuals) of the female gender, mostly with 3 to 5 hours of training per week, with 19.5±12.2 years of practice, competitors in several individual sports (43%), team sports (37%) and individual and teams sports (20%). Veteran athletes are highly satisfied with basic psychological needs. When compared, athletes who practice individual sports and simultaneously individual and team sports differ significantly in the autonomous, controlled and amotivation compared to athletes who only practice team sports, as well as in positive and negative effects.
- Selfdetermination and life satisfaction: an exploratory study with veteran judo athletesPublication . Batista, Marco; Jiménez Castuera, Ruth; Honório, Samuel; Petrica, João; Serrano, JoãoThe Theory of Self‐determination (Deci & Ryan, 2002) is based on a motivational domain and leads to the importance of meeting basic psychological needs of perception of autonomy, perception of competence and perception of social relations in the appearance of self‐determined behaviour, which are those that cause series of consequences as the future commitment to sports or exercise (Palmeira, 2010) and what kind of affection promotes to them a perspective of a life satisfaction (Andrews & Withey, 1976). According to studies relating the degree of self‐determination based on different training habits and athletic history, veterans athletes revealed high levels of intrinsic motivation, moderate extrinsic motivation and almost inexistence in terms of amotivation once that for these athletes the most important aspect of this sport is the satisfaction by overcoming their own limits during training and then to overcome opponents in competitions, hoping for a medal, or even a record (Sancho & Ruiz‐Juan, 2015). This exploratory study aims, in the context of veteran sport, i) characterise the motivation and satisfaction of basic psychological needs to practice judo; ii) to know the level of satisfaction with life; and iii) to understand which variables of selfdetermination influence levels of affection and satisfaction with life.