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Coelho, Patricia Margarida dos Santos Carvalheiro
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- Variability of lower limb artery systolic–diastolic velocities in futsal athletes and non-athletes: evaluation by arterial doppler ultrasoundPublication . Duarte-Mendes, Pedro; Paulo, Rui; Coelho, Patrícia; Rodrigues, Francisco; Marques, Vasco; Mateus, SóniaBackground: Sports athletes, namely high-intensity practitioners, suffer from vascular remodeling overtime. The purpose of this study was to analyze the systolic and diastolic velocities' variation between non-athletes and futsal athletes by means of arterial lower limb doppler ultrasound. Additionally, we intended to verify if the velocity variations occur primarily at the systolic or the diastolic level and in which arteries. Methods: Seventy-six young males (mean ± SD: 24.9 ± 2.8 years old) volunteered to participate in this cross-sectional study and were divided into two groups: a futsal athletes group (n = 38; 24 ± 2.78 years) in the central region of Portugal playing on the 2nd national league with the same level of practice (16 ± 2.4 years of practice) and a non-athletes group (n = 38: 26 ± 1.8 years) who did not practice sports regularly and were not federated in any sport. All the subjects agreed to participate in the study with the aim of assessing the arterial lower limb through doppler ultrasound (Philips HD7 echograph with linear transducer 7-12 MHz). Results: Differences between groups (p ≤ 0.05) in the systolic velocity of the left deep femoral artery (p = 0.022; d = 0.546, small) and in the right superficial femoral artery (p = 0.028; d = -0.515, small) were found. We also found differences in the diastolic velocity: in the left common femoral artery (p = 0.002; d = -0.748, moderate), in the right deep femoral artery (p = 0.028; d = -0.521, small), in the right superficial femoral artery (p = 0.026; d = -0.522, small), in the right popliteal artery (p = 0.002; d = -0.763, moderate), and in the left popliteal artery (p = 0.007; d = -0.655, moderate). Moreover, the athletes' group presented the highest mean values, with the exception of the systolic velocity of the left deep femoral artery. In intragroup analysis of variance referring to systolic and diastolic velocities in arterial levels in the right and left arteries, differences were found in all analyses (p ≤ 0.05). Conclusions: We conclude that futsal athletes of our sample go through a process of changes such as increased blood flow velocity in systolic and diastolic cardiac phase in all studied lower limb arteries, showing that the remodeling occurs regardless of vessel radius. Our results reinforce the existence of vascular remodeling that may vary with the sport and its intensity.
- The importance of the electrocardiogram in the competitive pre-periodPublication . Coelho, Patricia; Rodrigues, Francisco; Mateus, SóniaThe electrocardiogram is a safe and practical exam that allows the diagnosis of subclinical pathologies in asymptomatic athletes. In order to reduce false positives, it is of the utmost importance that this analysis be performed based on criteria specific to athletes. To analyse electrocardiograms according to the criteria of Seattle performed to athletes in the pre-competitive phase, in two consecutive years. A longitudinal observational study was performed in 14 athletes from different sport modalities who underwent a pre-competitive evaluation in two consecutive years. The average age of the athletes was 24.5 ± 4.9 years, of which 13 were male (92.9%) and 1 were female (7.1%). According to the Seattle Criteria, electrocardiographic changes were recorded in 10 individuals (71.4%), 6 of which were considered physiological, 2 were borderline and 2 were pathological. In the relation between the two years there was an increase of electrocardiographic alterations. Most of the alterations found were classified as physiological according to the Seattle Criteria, although they could be considered pathological following non-specific criteria for athletes. The electrocardiographic analysis of these athletes allowed to track two athletes with alterations considered pathological according to the criteria of Seattle.
- Qualidade do sono e estado nutricional em culturistas (pré e pós-competição)Publication . Bártolo, Modesta; Rodrigues, Francisco; Coelho, Patrícia; Carvalho, Lucinda; Pires, JoanaIntrodução – Sono e nutrição são pilares fundamentais para os atletas de culturismo. A sua inadequada recuperação, associada a uma má qualidade de sono e a um incorreto plano nutricional, prejudica a sua performance desportiva. Objetivos – Verificar se o treino e os hábitos alimentares num culturista afetam a qualidade de sono, assim como avaliar se esta se modifica ao longo da preparação da prova, na pré e pós-competição. Método – Avaliaram-se 10 atletas de culturismo (70% homens e 30% mulheres), entre 25 e 41 anos, sem presença de historial clínico relevante. A avaliação de sono foi realizada através do Índice de Qualidade de Pittsburgh do Sono e os hábitos alimentares através de um questionário para determinar o plano nutricional e de treino. Os atletas foram avaliados em quatro momentos: pré-competição (1.ª, 6.ª e 12.ª semanas) e na pós-competição. Resultados – Verificou-se significância estatística entre a intensidade dos treinos e a qualidade do sono (W=0,005), bem como entre esta e o número de calorias ingeridas (p<0,0001), sendo a sua média na 1.ª, 6.ª e 12.ª semanas e pós-competição, de 4320,00±1100,303; 3040,00±756,013; 1890,00±5914 quilocalorias (Kcal) e sem restrição calórica. Relativamente ao Índice de Qualidade de Sono de Pittsburgh verificou-se uma média de 7,90±2,846; 7,10±3,178; 9,60±4,326 e 6,00±3,300, respetivamente (valores superiores a seis sugerem má qualidade de sono), e à intensidade dos treinos de 10,40±2,459 com um valor máximo de 12 e um mínimo de seis (horas/semana). Discussão – Através desta amostra demonstrou-se uma predominância de atletas com má qualidade de sono. Observou-se uma relação estatisticamente significativa quando comparada a qualidade de sono com a intensidade dos treinos e o número de calorias ingeridas pelos atletas; demonstrou-se que, à medida que ocorre o aumento da intensidade do treino e a maior restrição calórica, o sono vai diminuindo na sua qualidade. A literatura refere inúmeros fatores que influenciam negativamente a qualidade do sono destes atletas que, por sua vez, interferem na sua recuperação física e psicológica. Conclusão – A maioria da amostra apresentou elevados valores do PSQI sugestivos de má qualidade e distúrbios do sono, principalmente na fase de pré-competição.
- Evaluation of lower limb arteriovenous diameters in indoor soccer athletes: Arterial doppler ultrasound studyPublication . Mateus, Sónia; Paulo, Rui; Coelho, Patrícia; Rodrigues, Francisco; Marques, Vasco; Neiva, Henrique; Duarte-Mendes, PedroThe purpose of this study was to analyze the arterial and venous diameters of lower limbs in indoor soccer athletes and non-athletes using Doppler ultrasound to identify the differences in the variation of arterial and venous diameters between groups. Additionally, we intended to verify the differences of arterial and venous diameters between the skilled member (right member) and the not skilled member in each group. 74 male volunteers, aged between 19 and 30 years old, were divided in a group of athletes (n = 37, 24 ± 2.7 years, soccer players from national championship), and a group of non-athletes (n = 37, 26 ± 2.83 years). Vascular lower limb was assessed using Doppler ultrasound (Philips HD7 echograph with linear transducer 7–12 MHz). The athletes showed higher diameters of right common femoral artery (p = 0.009; moderate), left common femoral artery (p = 0.005; moderate), right deep femoral artery (p = 0.013; moderate), right popliteal artery (p = 0.003; moderate), and left popliteal artery (p = 0.017; small) than non-athletes. Veins’ diameters were also higher in athletes, specifically the right deep femoral vein (p ≤ 0.001; large), left deep femoral vein (p ≤ 0.001; large), right popliteal vein (p ≤ 0.001; large), and left popliteal vein (p ≤ 0.001; large). Differences were found between the skilled and non-skilled leg in athletes in the popliteal vein (7.68 ± 1.44 mm vs. 7.22 ± 1.09 mm, respectively, p < 0.003). It seems that futsal athletes have superior mean diameters of lower limbs arteries and veins of the deep venous system to non-athletes. Moreover, the veins presented greater dilation, namely of the leg of the skilled lower limb.
- Aplicabilidade dos critérios de Seattle na avaliação eletrocardiográfica de atletasPublication . Coelho, Patricia; Rodrigues, Francisco; Mateus, SóniaA continuidade do exercício físico de forma programada, diária e com uma carga de trabalho intensa pode provocar alterações cardiovasculares, que embora sejam consideradas fisiológicas nestes indivíduos, podem mimetizar alterações patológicas que devem ser observadas e seguidas por profissionais competentes e com experiência na área do desporto. O eletrocardiograma é um exame realizado em repouso, de baixo custo e de fácil acessibilidade e que permite diagnosticar patologias subclínicas, muitas vezes em atletas assintomáticos. O objetivo foi estudar atletas em duas épocas desportivas consecutivas para verificar a presença de alterações eletrocardiográficas de forma a caraterizá-las segundo os Critérios de Seattle. É um estudo prospetivo, observacional longitudinal em que foram analisados 14 eletrocardiogramas de atletas com idade média de 24,5 ± 4,9 anos, sendo 13 do género masculino (92,9%) e 1 do feminino (7,1%). Foram encontradas alterações eletrocardiográficas em 10 destes indivíduos (71,4%), dos quais 6 apresentavam alterações que foram consideradas fisiológicas, 2 borderline e 2 com alterações patológicas. Concluiu-se que a maior parte das alterações foram classificadas como fisiológicas embora pudessem ser consideradas patológicas segundo critérios não específicos para atletas. A inclusão do eletrocardiograma na avaliação pré-competitiva é essencial para o seguimento do atleta.
- Peripheral arterial systolic-diastolic velocities in athletes and non-athletes by doppler ultrasoundPublication . Mateus, Sónia; Coelho, Patricia; Rodrigues, FranciscoIntensive sports practice can result in negative consequences. Although the exercise is considered a benefit to the well-being and health of the human being. The form and intensity with which it is practiced can cause negative changes, namely at vascular level, such as changes in the wall and vascular hemodynamic, traumatic injuries, etc. Evaluate the relationship between arterial flow velocities of the lower limbs and the practice of intensive exercise through arterial Doppler ultrasound. Cross-sectional analytical study using arterial Doppler ultrasound of the lower limbs in 76 male subjects, 38 athletes and 38 non-athletes aged 18 to 30 years. The sample was collected over a period of six months in two football clubs in the central region. The mean age was 26 ± 1.8 years for non-athletes and 24 ± 2.79 years for athletes. There is no statistically significant relationship (p = 0.553) between smoking habits and if they are athletes our non-athletes. Regarding the results of the parameters evaluated by Doppler ultrasound the mean of the arterial resistance indices and mean of the systolic and diastolic velocities between the athletes and non-athletes, there were significant variations in some arteries. In this studied sample there is a greater predisposition for athletes to develop small arterial alterations of the lower limbs, however, they are not hemodynamic significant.