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- TSE monitoring in wildlife epidemiology, transmission, diagnosis, genetics and controlPublication . Machado, Carla; Orge, Leonor; Pires, Isabel; Gama, Adelina; Esteves, Alexandra; Mendonça, Paula; Matos, Ana Cristina; Alves, Anabela; Lima, Carla; Bastos, Estela; Seixas, Fernanda; Silva, Filipe; Silva, João; Figueira, Luís; Pinto, Madalena Vieira; Pinto, Maria de Lurdes; Gonçalves-Anjo, Nuno; Tavares, Paula; Carvalho, Paulo; Sargo, Roberto; Pires, Maria dos AnjosAmong the transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs), chronic wasting disease (CWD) in cervids is now the rising concern within Europe. CWD will be outlined in this chapter gathering its epidemiology, transmission, diagnosis, genetics, and control. Prion diseases are fatal neurodegenerative diseases characterized by the accumulation of an abnormal isoform of the prion protein (PrPc), usually designated by PrPsc or prion. CWD is a prion disease of natural transmission affecting cervids detected mainly in North America. The first European case was detected in Norway, in 2016, in a wild reindeer; until April 2018, a total of 23 cases were described. The definite diagnosis is postmortem, performed in target areas of the brain and lymph nodes. Samples are first screened using a rapid test and, if positive, confirmed by immunohistochemistry and Western immunoblotting. It is not possible to establish a culling plan based on the genotype, once affected animals appear with all genotypes. However, some polymorphisms seem to result in longer incubation periods or confer a reduced risk. The control is not easy in captive cervids and even more in the wildlife; some recommendations have been proposed in order to understand the danger and impact of CWD on animal and public health.
- Tuberculose disseminada com manifestações cerebrais, pulmonares, ganglionares e intestinais em raposasPublication . Matos, Ana Cristina; Coelho, Ana Cláudia; Figueira, Luís; Morais, Márcia; Dias, Ana Paula; Martins, Maria Helena; Martins, Manuel; Pinto, Maria de Lurdes; Matos, ManuelaTuberculose disseminada com manifestações cerebrais, pulmonares, ganglionares e intestinais em raposas.
- Survey of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis in road-killed wild carnivores in PortugalPublication . Matos, Ana Cristina; Figueira, Luís; Martins, Maria Helena; Loureiro, Filipa; Pinto, Maria de Lurdes; Matos, Manuela; Coelho, Ana CláudiaA survey to determine the occurrence of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) in wild carnivores in Portugal was conducted by testing samples from road-killed animals between 2009 and 2012. Postmortem examinations were performed and tissues were collected from wild carnivores representing four families and six different species, with a total of 74 animals analyzed. Cultures were performed by using Löwenstein-Jensen and Middlebrook 7H11 solid media and acid-fast isolates were identified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and mycobactin dependency characteristics. Tissues were also screened for MAP by directly extracting DNA and testing for the MAP-specific sequences. The occurrence of infected animals (an animal had at least one tissue that was positive for culture or direct PCR) was 27.0% (n = 20). MAP was isolated from culture of 25 tissue samples (3.8%) and was detected by direct PCR in 40 (6.0%) samples. Infection was recorded in 5/6 studied species: 7/49 (14.3%) red foxes (Vulpes vulpes), 3/3 (100%) beech martens (Martes foina), 2/4 (50.0%) Eurasian otters (Lutra lutra), 7/15 (46.7%) Egyptian mongooses (Herpestes ichneumon), and 1/1 (100%) European badger (Meles meles). These species represent three different taxonomic families: Canidae (14.3% were positive), Mustelidae (75.0% were positive), and Herpestidae (46.7% were positive). The results of this study confirm the presence of MAP infection in wild carnivores in Portugal.
- Pulmonary lesions consistent with disseminated adiaspiromycosis in Egyptian mongooses (Herpestes ichneumon) from PortugalPublication . Matos, Ana Cristina; Figueira, Luís; Martins, Maria Helena; Matos, Manuela; Pires, Maria dos Anjos; Coelho, Ana Cláudia; Pinto, Maria de LurdesPulmonary lesions consistent with disseminated adiaspiromycosis in Egyptian mongooses (Herpestes ichneumon) from Portugal.
- Chronic wasting disease risk assessment in Portugal - Genetic variability preliminary results and future perspectivesPublication . Pereira, Jorge C.; Gonçalves-Anjo, Nuno; Bastos, Estela; Rocha, Sara; Figueira, Luís; Matos, Ana Cristina; Machado, Carla; Silva, João; Mendonça, Paula; Carvalho, Paulo; Tavares, Paula; Lima, Carla; Alves, Anabela; Esteves, Alexandra; Pinto, Maria de Lurdes; Pires, Isabel; Gama, Adelina; Sargo, Roberto; Silva, Filipe; Seixas, Fernanda; Pinto, Madalena Vieira; Orge, Leonor; Pires, Maria dos Anjos
- Métodos de biologia molecular para o diagnóstico rápido de micobactérias tuberculosas e não tuberculosas em animais domésticos e selvagensPublication . Matos, Manuela; Coelho, Ana Cristina.; Loureiro, Filipa; Pinto, Maria de Lurdes; Matos, Ana CristinaMétodos de biologia molecular para o diagnóstico rápido de micobactérias tuberculosas e não tuberculosas em animais domésticos e selvagens.
- Lymphocyte population in granulomatous lesions of wild-boars (Sus scrofa) and red deer (Cervus elaphus) suspected of tuberculosisPublication . Matos, Ana Cristina; Andrade, S.; Pires, Maria dos Anjos; Coelho, Ana Cláudia; Pinto, Maria de LurdesLymphocyte population in granulomatous lesions of wild-boars (Sus scrofa) and red deer (Cervus elaphus) suspected of tuberculosis.
- Detection of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in kidney samples of red deer (Cervus elaphus) in Portugal: Evaluation of different methodsPublication . Matos, Ana Cristina; Figueira, Luís; Martins, Maria Helena; Matos, Manuela; Álvares, Sofia; Mendes, Andreia; Pinto, Maria de Lurdes; Coelho, Ana Cláudia.Paratuberculosis or Johne's disease, caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (Map), is a chronic granulomatous enteritis affecting both domestic and wild ruminants. The present work is part of a wider set of studies designed to assess the prevalence of paratuberculosis in free ranging red deer (Cervus elaphus). With that purpose, 877 free-ranging red deer legally hunted in the Centre-eastern Portugal were submitted to necropsy and sampled for molecular methods, microbiology and histopathology. Thirty-seven (4.2%) kidneys revealed acid-fast bacilli when screened with the Ziehl-Neelsen technique. Map was detected by IS900 polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in thirty (81.1%) of the Ziehl-Neelsen positive kidneys. Subsequent PCR and/or culture from the different organs of the 37 examined animals allowed us to detect 86.4% (32 animals) infected red deer. Our results suggest that renal involvement in Map infected deer may be underdiagnosed and thus the routine examination of this organ and its inclusion in PCR techniques designed for Map detection could substantially improve the diagnostic of paratuberculosis in red deer.
- Lymphocyte population in the granulomatous lesions of wild-boars (Sus scrofa) suspected of tuberculosisPublication . Matos, Ana Cristina; Andrade, S.; Pires, Maria dos Anjos; Coelho, Ana Cláudia; Pinto, Maria de LurdesLymphocyte population in the granulomatous lesions of wild-boars (Sus scrofa) suspected of tuberculosis.
- Analysis of sequence variability of prion protein gene (PRNP) in Portuguese cervid populations species: red deer, fallow deer and roe deerPublication . Pereira, Jorge C.; Machado, Ana; Gonçalves-Anjo, Nuno; Bastos, Estela; Orge, Leonor; Rocha, Sara; Figueira, Luís; Matos, Ana Cristina; Silva, João; Mendonça, Paula; Carvalho, Paulo; Tavares, Paula; Lima, Carla; Alves, Anabela; Esteves, Alexandra; Pinto, Maria de Lurdes; Pires, Isabel; Gama, Adelina; Sargo, Roberto; Silva, Filipe; Seixas, Fernanda; Pinto, Madalena Vieira; Pires, Maria dos AnjosTransmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy (TSE) or prion diseases are a family of neurodegenerative diseases caused by lethal infectious pathogens called Prions. Among the transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs), chronic wasting disease (CWD) in cervids is now the rising concern in wildlife within Europe, after the first case was detected in Norway in 2016, in a wild reindeer and until October 2021, a total of 40 cases were described in Norway, Sweden and Finland. The study of the genetics of the prion protein gene, PRNP, has been proved to be a valuable tool for determining the relative susceptibility to TSEs.