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Do basic psychological needs and self-determined motivation outweigh physical activity volume and body composition in explaining subjective well-being among community gym users
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Orientador(es)
Resumo(s)
This study examined the relative contribution of sociodemographic, psychological, behavioral, and physiological factors to subjective well-being (SWB) among community gym users and investigated the indirect association between basic psychological need satisfaction and SWB through self-determined motivation. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 348 adults (31.53 ± 12.86 years) recruited from community gyms in Portugal. Participants completed validated measures of basic psychological need satisfaction, motivational regulation, life satisfaction, and positive and negative affect. Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) was assessed through self-reported weekly physical activity, and body composition through bioelectrical impedance. Hierarchical multiple linear regression and mediation analysis were performed. Missing data were addressed using multiple imputation.
Psychological variables produced the largest increase in explained SWB variance (ΔR2 = 0.173, p < 0.001). MVPA added only 0.2% (ΔR2 = 0.002, p = 0.478), while body composition indicators added 1.0% (ΔR2 = 0.010, p = 0.303). The final model explained 21.7% of SWB variance. A significant indirect association through self-determined motivation was observed (B = 0.228, 95% CI [0.139, 0.324]). Psychological variables provided greater explanatory information about SWB than MVPA or body composition. The findings highlight the relevance of psychological experiences in exercise settings, while the cross-sectional
design precludes causal interpretations.
Descrição
The authors would like to express their gratitude to all the fitness centers and gyms in the municipality of Castelo Branco for their collaboration and support during data collection.
We also sincerely thank all participants who voluntarily completed the questionnaires.
Palavras-chave
Self-determination theory Subjective well-being Basic psychological needs Self-determined motivation Physical exercise
Contexto Educativo
Citação
BATISTA, Mrco [et al.] (2026 ) - Do basic psychological needs and self-determined motivation outweigh physical activity volume and body composition in explaining subjective well-being among community gym users. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 23, 1139. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph23091139