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- Attention in physical education classes: differences between colletive sportsPublication . Santos, Jorge; Petrica, João; Serrano, João; Batista, Marco; Honório, Samuel; Lercas, Afonso Jorge Vicente; Maia, LuisAttention is considered an important mediator variable in the teaching / learning process, because of that, the scientific community made several investigations in order to understand what students are thinking, what strategies are best to captivate their attention and the type of instructions and/or feedback to develop students’ performance in achieving motor skills. In this research we tried to find differences in attentional profiles, of students during the practice of football and basketball at different moments of a Physical Education class. The sample consists of 156 students of both genders (84 females and 72 males), between 12 and 16 years old ( of 3rd Primary School (7th, 8th and 9th grade) to which a questionnaire was applied, ATEST- EF (Petrica 2010). Questionnaire which students had to point out what they were thinking at certain time of the Physical Education class. This was applied in team sports (football and basketball). In descriptive terms we found that students are in general aware of the task, information and behavior, and there are a few differences between the percentages between them, but from the test Chi_Square we found no statistical differences between the different moments of the Physical Education class. We concluded that, in this sample we didn’t verified the importance of attention and students focus in the different moments of team sport’s practice
- Validity and reliability of the portuguese version of the Healthy Lifestyle Questionnaire—EVS IIIPublication . Batista, Marco; Leyton-Román, Marta; Jiménez-Castuera, RuthThe main objective of this study was to validate the Healthy Lifestyle Questionnaire—EVS III, using confirmatory factor analysis of the measurement model. A total of 822 Portuguese individuals of both genders, aged between 18 and 66 years old (M = 28.43 SD = 12.07), participated in this study, of which 382 were male (46.5%) and 440 were female (53.5%). The main results obtained revealed that the psychometric qualities prove the adequacy of the factor structure of the Healthy Lifestyles Questionnaire—EVS III (7 factors/32 items) and that it has acceptable validity indices: χ2 = 644.6828, p = 0.000, df = 168, χ2 = 3.84, NFI = 0.901, TLI = 0.902, CFI = 0.921, IFI = 0.922, MFI = 0.900, GFI = 0.909, AGFI = 0.901, RMR = 0.073, SRMR = 0.059 and RMSEA = 0.059, enabling the assessment of factors related to a balanced diet, respect for mealtimes, tobacco consumption, alcohol consumption, consumption of other drugs, resting habits and physical activity habits. The Portuguese version of the Healthy Lifestyles Questionnaire—EVS III can be used with reasonable confidence for the assessment of healthy lifestyles.
- Exercise and academic performance : implications of aerobic capacity and hand grip strength in middle-school studentsPublication . Honório, Samuel; Ramos, Luís de Sousa Aguilar; Santos, Jorge; Serrano, João; Petrica, João; Batista, MarcoAbstract: The regular practice of physical exercise has a positive role on mental health and a positive contribution to the development of cognitive function, considered beneficial to academic performance. The present study aimed to analyse the impact of physical exercise on students' academic performance. 227 students participated, of which 112 (49.3%) were male and 115 (50.6%) were female, aged between 10 and 13 years old, from 5th and 6th grades in a Portuguese public school. The Susan Harter Self-Concept Scale validated for the Portuguese population was used, and a descriptive and inferential analysis of the data was conducted to analyse the levels of handgrip strength, aerobic capacity and academic performance. Linear regression analysis was used to interpret the predictive variables and we calculated the magnitude of the effect. The results suggest that the practice of physical exercise enhances the levels of aerobic capacity, handgrip strength and academic performance of students. In addition to physical education classes, the individual sports combined with the team sports present very positive values in relation to the variables described.
- Mobility dependence of children from 1st to 4th grade in portuguese schoolsPublication . Honório, Samuel; Batista, Marco; Martins, Júlio; Serrano, João; Faustino, António; Mesquita, HelenaAbstract. The mobility dependence appears to be associated with less autonomy in children who spend less time playing alone or being with friends in playful situations. Our intention is to study the dependence of mobility of children in the 1st cycle of education in an urban environment with ages between 6 and 12 years old. The sample consisted of 186 children of both genders of which 95 were female and 91 were male. A multiple response questionnaire was used, and the statistical analysis used was descriptive frequency, crosstabs and inferential analysis. Children who practiced more physical activity are those in the 2nd grade: 70.8% (34), below these are the 3rd grade: 67.9% (36), with the 4th grade having 64.8% (35) and finally the 1st grade with 58.1% (18). In total 66.1% (123) engaged in physical activity and 33.9% (63) did not exercise in any sports club or municipal facilities. We have come to some conclusions, with regards to school transportation, almost all students are moving with motorized transportation where the majority cannot go out without family going with them to any activity, and we have also concluded that the female gender is more active than the males.
- O estresse e o coping no esportePublication . Aroni, André Luis; Batista, Marco; Rebustini, Flávio; Machado, Afonso; Gomes, António RuiO estresse é entendido como um desequilíbrio substancial entre uma demanda e a capacidade de resposta, sob condições em que a falha em satisfazer a exigência tem consequências significativas. No esporte, esse assunto tem sido alvo de estudos a mais de quarenta anos, con- tudo, ainda há muito o que se entender sobre esse complexo tema. Assim, o objetivo dessa pesquisa foi realizar uma revisão sistemática de literatura sobre o estresse e coping no esporte, identificando as principais teorias, suas evoluções ao longo dos anos e as formas efi- cientes de investigação. Para a análise, consultamos as bases de da- dos: Google® acadêmico, Science Direct e Scielo, buscando por livros, teses, dissertações e artigos relacionados ao tema. Como resultados, destacamos o estudo de Balbinotti et al. (2013) que propôs uma nova classificação de coping, e o Modelo Transacional Cognitivo, Motivacio- nal e Relacional (Lazarus, 1991; Lazarus & Folkman, 1984), que verifica o processo de adaptação dos atletas ao contexto esportivo. Fletcher e Fletcher (2005) e Gomes (2014) também contribuíram para o desen- volvimento do Modelo de Lazarus, considerando as emoções presen- tes ao fim do processo cognitivo.
- Attention in physical education classes: Differences between different individual modalitiesPublication . Santos, Jorge; Maia, Luis; Petrica, João; Serrano, João; Batista, Marco; Honório, SamuelIntroduction: Sport activities demand a focused and polarized attention, as necessary condition to learning process. Described as an essential condition to the learning process, attention is considered a powerful mediating variable, because we can notice its influence on the teaching-learning process, as well as its influence on the teacher’s behaviour, the student’s behaviour and the learning results. According to this fact, the focused attention arises as a fundamental condition to the learning process, since the greater the power to keep the focus on a certain object or task, the better the chance of success. Objective: We intend to know the aspects to which the students pay attention during the different moments of the Physical Education class, in individual sportive activities. Methodology: The sample consisted of 156 students from the 3rd Cycle of Basic Education, of both genders (84 female and 72 male). We applied the questionnaire ATEST-EF (Petrica 2003), in which the students signalized what they were thinking of at certain moments of the Physical Education classes, more precisely of Athletics and Gymnastics classes. The results indicate that there are no significant differences, because after the application of the test of “Chi-Square” to associate the variable “Attention” and the variable “Signal” for the individual activities, we can verify the value of (p= .373). From the analysis performed, we can infer that in relation to students' attention profile study in individual sportsathletics and gymnastics, there are no statistically significant differences.
- Relationships between psychological skills and European U19 rugby union tournament outcomes and performance indicatorsPublication . Fernandes, Helder Miguel; Batista, Marco; Vaz, LuisThe purpose of this study was to investigate and identify the psychological skills and strategies related to tournament outcomes and performance indicators in a European under-19 Rugby Union Championship. The sample included a total of 183 elite male U19 rugby players, aged between 17 and 19 years (M= 18.67, SD= 0.51), who competed at the U19 European Championship 2014. These players represented seven national teams ranked by the teams' final classification in the championship, as follows: Georgia (1st place, n= 34), Portugal (2nd place, n= 20), Spain (3rd place, n= 26), Russia (4th place, n= 27), Netherlands (5th place, n= 17), Belgium (6th place, n= 14), and Romania (7th place, n= 45). Athletes responded to translated and adapted versions of the questionnaire Test of Performance Strategies (TOPS; Thomas et al., 1999) an hour before the first match of the tournament. Summary matches' statistics and the final ranking position (inverted) of the national teams were retrieved from an official website. Correlation results showed that a more frequent use of self-talk, emotional control and goal-setting strategies was positively related to points, tries and conversions scored, whereas imagery levels were positively associated to penalties scored. On the other hand, higher levels of negative thinking were positively correlated to points, tries and penalties conceded, whereas higher activation levels were negatively related to points, tries and conversions conceded. The teams' final ranking was significantly predicted by goal-setting (β= 0.21), imagery (β= 0.17), activation (β= 0.32) and negative thinking (β= −0.16) levels (R2= 0.11, p= 0.005).
- Um retrato de movimento na escola a tempo inteiro em Portugal: estudo de caso sobre a Escola Senhora da PiedadePublication . Faustino, António; Serrano, João; Duarte-Mendes, Pedro; Paulo, Rui; Honório, Samuel; Batista, Marco; Petrica, JoãoOs resultados do Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) promoveram uma reflexão sobre o tempo e curricula escolares em diferentes países, levando ao aparecimento da “escola em tempo integral” como forma mais apropriada para melhorar os resultados escolares dos alunos. Objetivo: Perceber como é que o movimento e o jogo são desenvolvidos na “escola em tempo integral”, através de um “retrato de movimento na escola”. Métodos: Para responder ao objetivo enunciado optámos por um estudo do tipo exploratório descritivo analítico efetuado numa escola da cidade de Castelo Branco. Foram usados como métodos para recolha dos dados: a observação (nos espaços exteriores e interiores), a análise documental (projeto educativo, plano anual de atividades e regulamento interno) e entrevistas semiestruturadas (ao diretor do agrupamento, a alunos e professoras). As entrevistas foram todas gravadas para posterior análise. Resultados: A apresentação dos resultados obedece a uma triangulação dos dados recolhidos. Constatamos que a escola tem uma estrutura do tempo escolar em blocos de 90 minutos; mas pouca possibilidade para o aluno de organizar o seu tempo de aprendizagem de maneira autónoma; um ensino orientado ao professor; um ensino cognitivo, sem movimento, com muito tempo para os alunos permanecerem sentados; separação entre o ensino de manhã e da tarde. Variedade de ofertas de movimento com uma perspetiva de sentido orientada ao desporto; uma cooperação estreita com parceiros externos, mas também com outro pessoal pedagógico da escola. Separação entre uma área escolar interna como uma aréa imóvel (sem movimento) e uma área escolar externa como uma área móvel. Os professores relatam um ensino móvel, os alunos nunca vivenciam um ensino móvel, mas também não foi observado qualquer ensino móvel. Conclusões: A escola estudada tem espaços, no entanto a forma como está configurado o espaço interior, bem como o mobiliário usado, as normas impostas e a gestão e abordagem das matérias escolares são claramente condicionadoras do movimento das crianças, havendo possibilidades de movimento e um tempo privilegiado de jogo essencialmente durante os intervalos escolares e atividades extraescolares.
- Abordagens sobre treino desportivoPublication . Petrica, João; Paulo, Rui; Duarte-Mendes, Pedro; Batista, MarcoOs contributos para o desenvolvimento das competências dos profissionais da área das Ciências do Desporto são sempre bem-vindos. Com o intuito de se constituir como uma ferramenta de trabalho para todos os que procurem conhecimento nesta área tão específica, elaborou-se este documento estruturado, contendo informação específica e pertinente. Mantemos também uma política editorial de abertura à comunidade científica da área das Ciências do Desporto, originando um livro que reúne um conjunto de artigos que abordam temáticas diversas em contextos diferentes e da autoria de Professores/Investigadores nacionais e internacionais, de reconhecido mérito académico e científico. Relativamente à estrutura, este documento está dividido em 13 seções - Artigos - de temáticas relacionadas com a área do Treino, mas com perspetivas distintas, realizados com base em investigações realizadas nos mais diversos contextos.
- Predominance of techniques analysis used in the final rounds of judo international competitions scoring for the Olympic ranking: A biomechanical approachPublication . Batista, Marco; Sequeira, Diogo; Gancho, Henrique; Fernandes, JorgeJudo is an Olympic combat sport that is divided into male and female weight categories. Each weight category implies significant differences in technical and strategic dimensions, as well as physiological, performance, and body composition among competitors. This individual variability can widely mark options and predominance of biomechanical actions inherent to its own movements. This study aimed to determine the technical actions predominance used by judokas in the international competitions final stages scoring for the Olympic ranking. We observed 285 judo matches, in several weight categories for men and women, played in the final stages of six scoring international competitions for the Olympic ranking in Tokyo 2021. An observation system was used according to the biomechanical classification of judo techniques proposed by Sacripanti. In Nage-Waza combat, there was a predominance of lever techniques over couple techniques. In Ne-Waza there was a predominance of pressure techniques, followed by venous breathing block and dislocation of the elbow joint. There were also differences between genders and significant associations by weight category in the technical options in combat, as well as according to the combat phase.