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- Motivation trans-contextual model application in the prediction of veteran athlete’s life satisfactionPublication . Batista, Marco; Honório, Samuel; Leyton, Marta; Jiménez Castuera, RuthBACKGROUND: This work presents an application extension of the motivation Trans-contextual Model, specifically in the prediction of veteran athletes’ life satisfaction. METHODS: A sample of 682 Portuguese veteran athletes of both genders, aged between 30 and 76 years old (M=43.64; SD=8.25) were used, in which, through questionnaires, the following was measured: basic psychological needs satisfaction, motivation, variables of planned behavior and life satisfaction. RESULTS: The structural equations model showed that social relation perception predicts positively and significantly autonomous motivation. In turn, it predicts attitudes positively and significantly, subjective norms and control perception, predicting these, positively and significantly the intentions. Satisfaction with life is positively and significantly predicted by intentions and control perception. CONCLUSIONS: From the results reached in this study, it is important to emphasize the importance of fostering social relations, since this will favor autonomous motivation, promoting a higher behavioral control over the practitioners’ intentions, generating greater life satisfaction.
- Adaptation and validation of the portuguese version of the healthy life styles questionnairePublication . Batista, Marco; Jiménez Castuera, Ruth; Leyton, Marta; Lobato, Susana; Aspano, MariaThe aim of this study was the adaptation and validation of Healthy Lifestyle Questionnaire (EVS), of Jimenez Castuera (2004) adapted of Wold (1995), using an exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis of the measurement model, with a sample of sports veterans. In the exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis part 684 Portuguese veteran athletes of both genders, aged between 30 and 90 years (M=43.78 SD=8.61), of which 547 male subjects and 137 subjects were female, which are competitors of various sports. The main results showed that the psychometric qualities of both the exploratory factor analysis, and confirmatory factor analysis, proved the adequacy of adaptation performed, demonstrating that the factor structure (Adaptation to Sports Questionnaire EVS: 3 factors/20 items) It has quite acceptable levels of validity (?2 = 172.117, df=41, p = .000, ?2/g.l. = 4.190, CFI = .966, IFI = .966, MFI = .909, GFI = .955, AGFI = .927, RMR = .049, SRMR = .043, RMSEA = .068), with reasonable levels of internal consistency of the three primary factors (eating habits =.80; tobacco consumption =.91; resting habits =.84). This led us to conclude that the adaptation to the Sports of the Portuguese version of the EVS can be used with high confidence in the assessment of healthy lifestyles in the sports context.
- Validation of the portuguese version of the healthy life styles questionnairePublication . Batista, Marco; Jimenéz Castuera, Ruth; Leyton, Marta; Lobato, Susana; Aspano, MariaThe aim of this study was the adaptation and validation the Portuguese version of Healthy Lifestyle Questionnaire, adapted of Wold (1995), using an exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis of the measurement model, with a sample of sports veterans. It was a) conducted a reverse translation; b) translated again by a translator unrelated to the research group to English, where he noted a great similarity with the original questionnaire also after retroversion process; c) evaluated by three experts in the field; d) administered the questionnaire to a small group of athletes with similar ages to the final sample to verify its correct understanding, not noticing any problems of reading comprehension; e) quiz application for approximate time of completion was about, fifteen minutes; f) data processing. The internal consistency of each factors resulting from the factor analysis (Cronbach's alpha) showed the following results: (.80) eating habits (.91) tobacco consumption, (.84) resting habits. The reliability coefficient should be above the .70. There were also values of 0.861 on the KMO and Bartlett's test, where 56.24% of the variance is explained by three factors. After analysis, it was shown that the 20 items were grouped into three factors, respectively: eating habits (10 items), tobacco consumption (5 items) and resting habits (5 items). In a similar way, the standardized factor loads were all statistically significant (p <.01). The preliminary analysis of the data also indicated that the sample did not meet the criterion of normality, since the Mardia coefficient was high (62.43). For that reason, we used the robust estimation method of verisimilitude maximum. After a first analysis, the overall model results indicated a reasonable adjustment of the Healthy Lifestyles Questionnaire: (χ2 = 172,117, p = .000, χ2 / df = 4.190, CFI = .966, IFI = .966, MFI = .909, GFI = .955, AGFI = .927, RMA = .049, RMSEA = .068, SRMR = .043). Thus, we can conclude that the adaptation to Sports of the Portuguese version of the Healthy Lifestyles Questionnaire, can be used with confidence of validity and reliability in the evaluation of healthy lifestyles, underlying to the self-determination theory in sport context.
- Validation of the Portuguese Version of the Healthy Lifestyle QuestionnairePublication . Batista, Marco; Leyton, Marta; Honório, Samuel; Santos, Jorge; Jiménez Castuera, RuthThe main objective of this study was the validation of the Healthy Lifestyle Questionnaire (EVS II), using a confirmatory factorial analysis of the measurement model, with veteran athletes. A total of 348 veteran Portuguese athletes of both genders, aged between 30 and 60 years (M = 41.64, SD = 9.83), of whom 200 were males and 148 were females, from several sports. The results of the confirmatory factor analysis demonstrate the adequacy of the adapted version of the EVS II, as the factorial structure (6 factors/24 items) has acceptable validity indexes: χ2 = 305.925, p = 0.000, df = 120.017, χ2/df = 2.549, NFI (Normed Fit Index) = 0.909, TLI (Tucker Lewis Index) = 0.918, CFI (Comparative Fit Index) = 0.944, GFI (Goodness of Fit Index) = 0.944, AGFI (Adjusted Goodness of Fit Index) = 0.909, SRMR (Standardized Root Mean Square Residual) = 0.048, RMSEA (Root Mean Square of Approximation) = 0.060, allowing evaluation of the dimensions of balanced diet, respect for mealtime, tobacco and alcohol consumption, other drugs consumption and resting habits. The adaptation to sport of the Portuguese version of EVS II can be used with reasonable confidence in the evaluation of healthy lifestyles in the context of sport
- Modelo transcontextual de la motivación en la predicción de estilos de vida saludablesPublication . Batista, Marco; Leyton, Marta; Lobato, Susana; Jiménez Castuera, RuthEl presente trabajo examinó la aplicación del Modelo Transcontextual de la Motivación en la predicción de estilos de vida saludables de atletas veteranos. Se utilizó una muestra de 682 atletas veteranos portugueses de ambos géneros, de edades comprendidas entre los 30 y los 76 años (M=43.64; DT=8.25), dónde a través de cuestionarios se ha medido: la satisfacción de las necesidades psicológicas básicas, la motivación, las variables del comportamiento planeado y los estilos de vida saludables. De las conclusiones alcanzadas en este trabajo, son de destacar la relevancia de fomentar la necesidad psicológica básica de relación social, ya que ésta favorecerá la motivación intrínseca, promoviendo un mayor control del comportamiento sobre las intenciones de los practicantes, generando así mejores hábitos alimenticios, hábitos de descanso y menor consumo de tabaco.
- Self-determined motivation and subjective well- being in Portuguese veteran athletes in different sports.Publication . Batista, Marco; Leyton, Marta; Serrano, João; Petrica, João; Honório, Samuel; Rocha, João; Santos, Jorge; Silveira, Paulo; Jiménez Castuera, RuthWith the increase of life expectancy associated to the need for a healthy lifestyle, there has been an increase in the number of persons involved in veterans' sports activities. The objective of this study was to evaluate the levels of self-determination for sports practice and subjective well-being in veteran athletes, depending on the different type of sports practiced. For data collection, the validated Portuguese versions of the Basic Psychological Needs Exercise Scale (BPNES), the Behaviour Regulation Sport Questionnaire (BRSQ), the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) and the Positive and Negative Affects Scale (PANAS) were used. The study sample consisted of 684 Portuguese veterans athletes of both genders, aged between 30 and 90 years (M = 43.78 SD = 8.61), of which 86.3% (590 individuals) of the male gender and 13,7% (94 individuals) of the female gender, mostly with 3 to 5 hours of training per week, with 19.5±12.2 years of practice, competitors in several individual sports (43%), team sports (37%) and individual and teams sports (20%). Veteran athletes are highly satisfied with basic psychological needs. When compared, athletes who practice individual sports and simultaneously individual and team sports differ significantly in the autonomous, controlled and amotivation compared to athletes who only practice team sports, as well as in positive and negative effects.
- Motivación y ansiedad precompetitiva en balomano - diferencias entre jugadores de categoría de alto rendimiento y de base.Publication . Leyton M.; Batista, Marco; López, Jesús; Lobato, Susana; Jiménez Castuera, RuthLos deportistas, cuando se están preparando para la competición, a veces tienen que enfrentarse a diferentes tensiones que pueden pro- vocar que el deportista no sea capaz de alcanzar las metas que se ha fijado. Por lo tanto, nuestro objetivo fue determinar las diferencias en- tre jugadores de balonmano de alto rendimiento y categorías de base, en función de los tipos de motivación, las necesidades psicológicas bá- sicas y de ansiedad precompetitiva. Para ello, contamos con una muestra de 45 atletas de diferentes cate- gorías y edades comprendidas entre 14 y 37 años (M= 23.16, DT= 7.5). Los instrumentos utilizados fueron: el Cuestionario de Evaluación del Regulación de Conducta en Contexto del Ejercicio (BREQ-3), la Escala de Satisfacción de Necesidades Psicológicas Básicas (PNSE) y la Escala de Ansiedad CSAI-2R. Los resultados muestran que los atletas de clase de base muestran una mayor desmotivación y la necesidad psicológica básica para la competición es mayor en los atletas de alto rendimiento. Se obser- Abordagens Académicas de Investigação 56 vó que en la variable autoconfianza es menor en los atletas de clase base, la variable ansiedad somática y variable de ansiedad cognitiva son menores en los atletas de clase base que en los atletas de alto ren- dimiento. Por lo tanto, como máximas de trabajo, hay que aumentar la autoconfianza y la motivación autónoma y disminuir la ansiedad.