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Publication
Inclusão social em contextos educativos não formais : ementas acessíveis para todos
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Abstract(s)
Vários estudos comprovam que a acessibilidade carece ainda de um quadro de ação efetivo e eficaz que habilite o acesso a diversos serviços comuns do dia-a-dia para todas as pessoas. Nomeadamente, no que se refere ao acesso à informação. A acessibilidade é, nos dias de hoje, um direito que ainda não se vê contemplado como pleno e garantido para as pessoas com Necessidades Específicas (NE).
Perante este panorama, urge a necessidade de fomentar o reconhecimento da importância de uma sociedade capaz de disponibilizar serviços com uma resposta efetiva a eficaz a todas as pessoas e, em particular, os serviços turísticos. Neste âmbito, no caso de crianças/jovens e cidadãos com Necessidades Específicas (NE) enfrentamos também desafios específicos a este público.
Com base nesta premissa, a presente investigação pretendeu, numa abordagem exploratória, proceder à adaptação de ementas de restaurantes, através de um design inclusivo, em comunicação acessível e multiformato. Posteriormente pretendeu-se avaliar este recurso enquanto instrumento promotor da participação plena e efetiva de todos os cidadãos independentemente das suas capacidades e/ou limitações. Tendo como principal objetivo validar o recurso a ementas acessíveis multiformato, enquanto instrumento de promoção da inclusão social e da autonomia de crianças/jovens e cidadãos com NE, a presente investigação teve por base um estudo de casos múltiplos com o envolvimento de dois restaurantes, num contexto de educação não formal.
A análise baseou-se nos conteúdos contidos na entrevista semiestruturada realizada a uma técnica especialista nas temáticas centrais, notas de campo, Focus Group aos proprietários e colaboradores do restaurante, bem como dos conteúdos expressos nos inquéritos por questionário realizados aos clientes (n=80) dos restaurantes que serviram de estudo de caso nesta investigação. Por fim, recorrendo à análise de conteúdo e a uma análise estatística descritiva constatamos que todas as categorias de análise revelaram valores significativos e de interesse sobre as perceções dos inquiridos sobre o impacto das ementas acessíveis.
Os resultados obtidos através de uma pesquisa exploratória aferiram que 97% das pessoas envolvidas neste estudo consideram que serviços de turismo devem disponibilizar ementas acessíveis para garantir a acessibilidade e a participação de todos. Demonstrando assim, que a adaptação de ementas em comunicação acessível pode representar uma ferramenta de promoção da inclusão (98%) e autonomia (95%) de crianças/jovens e cidadãos com NE. Apesar deste ser um instrumento que ainda carece de maior robustez por parte de investigações científicas, a disponibilização de um recurso multiformato complementar com a utilização de várias formas de comunicação (braille, símbolos pictográficos para a comunicação, áudio e fotografias) revelou-se uma técnica envolvente, versátil, flexível e acessível. Tendo revelado utilidade não apenas para pessoas com NE, assim como para outros cidadãos sem NE e, até mesmo na gestão de serviços. A implementação de ementas acessíveis em serviços turísticos, nomeadamente, restaurantes, poderá habilitar uma participação plena e efetiva a todas as pessoas, independentemente das suas NE, outorgando-lhes a autonomia e independência que lhes conferem dignidade.
Abstract: Various studies show that accessibility still lacks an effective and efficient framework for action to enable access to various standard everyday services for all people. In particular, access to information. Nowadays, accessibility is a right that has yet to be fully recognized and guaranteed for people with Specific Needs. Against this backdrop, there is an urgent need to recognize the importance of a society capable of providing services with an effective and efficient response to all people, mainly tourist services. Reflecting on a target audience such as children/young people and citizens with Specific Needs, we also face challenges specific to this public. Based on this premise, this research aimed, in an exploratory approach, to adapt restaurant menus through inclusive design, accessible communication, and multiformat. Subsequently, the aim was to evaluate this resource as a tool for promoting the full and effective participation of all representations of human diversity in society. With the main aim of validating accessible menus to promote social inclusion and the autonomy of children/young people and citizens with Specific Needs, this research was based on a multiple case study involving two restaurants in a non-formal education context. The analysis was based on the content contained in the semi-structured interview conducted with a technician specializing in the central themes, field notes, Focus Group with the restaurant owners, as well as the content expressed in the questionnaires carried out with customers (n=80) of the restaurants that served as case studies in this research. Finally, using content analysis and descriptive statistical analysis, we found that all the categories of analysis revealed significant and interesting values regarding the respondents' perceptions of the impact of accessible menus. The results obtained through an exploratory survey showed that 97 percent of the people involved in this study believe that tourism services should provide accessible menus to ensure accessibility and participation for all. This demonstrates that adapting menus into accessible communication can promote inclusion (98%) and autonomy (95%) for children/young people and citizens with Specific Needs. Although this tool still needs to be further developed by scientific research, providing a complementary multi-format resource using various forms of communication (Braille, pictographic symbols for communication, audio, and photographs) has proved to be an engaging, versatile, flexible, and accessible technique. It has proved useful for people with Specific Needs and other citizens without Specific Needs and even in managing services. The implementation of accessible menus in tourist services, namely restaurants, could enable full and effective participation for all people, regardless of their Specific Needs, granting them the autonomy and independence that give them dignity.
Abstract: Various studies show that accessibility still lacks an effective and efficient framework for action to enable access to various standard everyday services for all people. In particular, access to information. Nowadays, accessibility is a right that has yet to be fully recognized and guaranteed for people with Specific Needs. Against this backdrop, there is an urgent need to recognize the importance of a society capable of providing services with an effective and efficient response to all people, mainly tourist services. Reflecting on a target audience such as children/young people and citizens with Specific Needs, we also face challenges specific to this public. Based on this premise, this research aimed, in an exploratory approach, to adapt restaurant menus through inclusive design, accessible communication, and multiformat. Subsequently, the aim was to evaluate this resource as a tool for promoting the full and effective participation of all representations of human diversity in society. With the main aim of validating accessible menus to promote social inclusion and the autonomy of children/young people and citizens with Specific Needs, this research was based on a multiple case study involving two restaurants in a non-formal education context. The analysis was based on the content contained in the semi-structured interview conducted with a technician specializing in the central themes, field notes, Focus Group with the restaurant owners, as well as the content expressed in the questionnaires carried out with customers (n=80) of the restaurants that served as case studies in this research. Finally, using content analysis and descriptive statistical analysis, we found that all the categories of analysis revealed significant and interesting values regarding the respondents' perceptions of the impact of accessible menus. The results obtained through an exploratory survey showed that 97 percent of the people involved in this study believe that tourism services should provide accessible menus to ensure accessibility and participation for all. This demonstrates that adapting menus into accessible communication can promote inclusion (98%) and autonomy (95%) for children/young people and citizens with Specific Needs. Although this tool still needs to be further developed by scientific research, providing a complementary multi-format resource using various forms of communication (Braille, pictographic symbols for communication, audio, and photographs) has proved to be an engaging, versatile, flexible, and accessible technique. It has proved useful for people with Specific Needs and other citizens without Specific Needs and even in managing services. The implementation of accessible menus in tourist services, namely restaurants, could enable full and effective participation for all people, regardless of their Specific Needs, granting them the autonomy and independence that give them dignity.
Description
Trabalho de Projeto apresentada à Escola Superior de Educação do Instituto Politécnico de Castelo Branco para cumprimento dos requisitos necessários à obtenção do grau de Mestre em Educação Especial – Domínio Cognitivo e Motor
Keywords
Acessibilidade Comunicação acessível Design inclusivo Educação não formal Ementas acessíveis em multiformato Inclusão Accessibility Accessible communication Inclusive design Non-formal education Accessible menus in multiformat Inclusion