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Contributo para o estudo da produtividade do castanheiro "MartaĆnha" em Penela da Beira (DOP "Soutos da Lapa")
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Abstract(s)
Este trabalho Ć© um primeiro contributo para a caracterizaĆ§Ć£o do problema da baixa produtividade dos castanheiros āMartaĆnhaā na Ć”rea geogrĆ”fica da COPEBEIRA, nomeadamente no que se refere Ć falta de āvingamentoā (aborto ovĆ”rico). Na Ć”rea de Penela da Beira hĆ” boas condiƧƵes naturais para a cultura e produĆ§Ć£o do castanheiro, no entanto, evidenciaram-se algumas fragilidades que podem pĆ“r em risco a viabilidade econĆ³mica futura da cultura naquela regiĆ£o. Por um lado, alguns sinais preocupantes de envelhecimento ou decrepitude devido Ć falta de renovaĆ§Ć£o dos soutos, Ć baixa fertilidade dos solos, Ć s variaƧƵes climĆ”ticas, aos incĆŖndios ou Ć morte dos castanheiros por efeito da doenƧa da tinta ou do cancro. Por outro lado, o baixo nĆvel tecnolĆ³gico, como as baixas densidades, a quase ausĆŖncia de fertilizaĆ§Ć£o, de rega e de controlo fitossanitĆ”rio ou a excessiva mecanizaĆ§Ć£o dos solos. Os resultados obtidos a partir das amostragens de ouriƧos e contagens de frutos revelaram taxas de aborto ovĆ”rico elevadas (cerca de 50 a 60%), mas nĆ£o foi possĆvel relacionar estes resultados com a falta de polinizaĆ§Ć£o ou com a falta de cuidados culturais. No entanto, ficou evidente a importĆ¢ncia de se continuar a acompanhar e avaliar o desenvolvimento das castanhas dentro dos ouriƧos, com estudos mais amplos e com amostragens mais representativas, para diagnosticar as causas do aborto ovĆ”rico e encontrar soluƧƵes apropriadas para criar condiƧƵes de expansĆ£o Ć cultura do castanheiro.
Abstract: This work is a first contribution to the low productivity of the 'MartaĆnha' chestnut trees characterization in the āCOPEBEIRAā geographical area, in particular regarding the lack of "fruit set" (ovarian abortion). In āPenela da Beiraā (Portugal) area there are good natural conditions for chestnut growing and production, however some weaknesses may threaten the orchards future economic viability in that region. In one hand, some worrying signs of aging due to lack of chestnut orchards renewal, low soil fertility, climate variations, incendiaries or trees death as result of ink or cancer diseases. In the other hand, the low technological level, such as low tree densities, generalized lack of fertilization, irrigation and pest control or excessive soil mechanization. The results obtained from the chestnuts samples and counts showed high ovarian abortion rates (around 50 to 60%), but it was not possible to relate those results with the absence of pollination or the lack of orchard technologies. However, it was quite evident the importance of monitoring and evaluating the development of chestnuts within the hedgehogs, with wider studies and more representative samples, to diagnose the causes of ovarian abortion and find appropriate solutions to create conditions to expand the chestnut growing and production.
Abstract: This work is a first contribution to the low productivity of the 'MartaĆnha' chestnut trees characterization in the āCOPEBEIRAā geographical area, in particular regarding the lack of "fruit set" (ovarian abortion). In āPenela da Beiraā (Portugal) area there are good natural conditions for chestnut growing and production, however some weaknesses may threaten the orchards future economic viability in that region. In one hand, some worrying signs of aging due to lack of chestnut orchards renewal, low soil fertility, climate variations, incendiaries or trees death as result of ink or cancer diseases. In the other hand, the low technological level, such as low tree densities, generalized lack of fertilization, irrigation and pest control or excessive soil mechanization. The results obtained from the chestnuts samples and counts showed high ovarian abortion rates (around 50 to 60%), but it was not possible to relate those results with the absence of pollination or the lack of orchard technologies. However, it was quite evident the importance of monitoring and evaluating the development of chestnuts within the hedgehogs, with wider studies and more representative samples, to diagnose the causes of ovarian abortion and find appropriate solutions to create conditions to expand the chestnut growing and production.
Description
RelatĆ³rio do Projeto Final apresentado Ć Escola Superior AgrĆ”ria do Instituto PolitĆ©cnico de Castelo Branco para cumprimento dos requisitos necessĆ”rios Ć obtenĆ§Ć£o do grau de Mestre em Engenharia AgronĆ³mica.
Keywords
Castanheiro MartaĆnha PolinizaĆ§Ć£o Vingamento Produtividade