ESACB - Artigos em revistas com arbitragem científica
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- Potential of different eighteen grapevine genotypes to produce wines in a hot region: First insights into volatile and sensory profilesPublication . Caldeira, Ilda; Roque, Rita; Anjos, O.; Lourenço, Sílvia; Deus, João de; Damásio, Miguel; Silvestre, JoséA major challenge for the viticulture and oenology sector is to understand the impact of climate change on grapevine agronomic performance and wine quality. Genetic variability offers a key tool for adaptation, as some grape varieties may better withstand changing conditions while maintaining wine quality. As part of the WineClimAdapt research project (PDR2020-101-031010), a study was conducted on the adaptability of 18 white grape varieties to hot and dry conditions in Portugal. These grape varieties from Herdade do Esporão (Alentejo, Portugal) were vinified in duplicate at the INIAV winery, the result being 36 wines. The wines underwent physicochemical and sensory analyses, including gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and gas chromatography–flame ionization detection (GC-FID), to assess their composition and sensory profiles. Tasters evaluated the wines using a structured scale (0–10) and rated their overall quality (0–20). Results from analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed significant differences in the physicochemical composition and sensory profiles of the wines. Notably, some White wines displayed high acidity, which is advantageous for hot regions. The study also highlighted clear varietal differentiation across physicochemical, volatile and sensory analyses. Among the tested varieties, “Cayetana Blanca” and “Fernão Pires” achieved the highest average quality ratings, indicating promising potential for future studies and adaptation to climate change.
- Edible insects – Exotic food or gastronomic innovation? Study involving 14 countriesPublication . Guiné, Raquel P. F.; Florença, Sofia G.; Bartkiene, Elena; Tarcea, Monica; Chuck-Hernández, Cristina; Djekic, Ilija; Sarić, Marijana Matek; Boustani, Nada M.; Korzeniowska, Malgorzata; Klava, Dace; Papageorgiou, Maria; Fresno Baro, José Maria; Bizjak, Maša Cernelic; Damarli, Emel; Ferreira, Vanessa; Costa, Cristina A.; Correia, Paula M. R.; Ferreira, Manuela; Cardoso, Ana P.; Campos, Sofia; Anjos, O.This study explores the perceptions about edible insects and their usage in modern gastronomy. Data were collected through questionnaire survey in 14 countries, and 7222 responses were obtained. ANOVA and factor analysis were used, respectively to evaluate differences between groups and to analyze the scale items. The results showed that participants showed higher agreement toward insects being considered exotic foods and being associated with taboos and neophobia. Some sociodemographic factors (country, age class, education level and income) were proven to significantly influence with the perceptions. while sex and living environment did not. Factor analysis extracted three factors, one associated with the uses of insects in gastronomy, another associated with insects as foods and a third about insects not being proper for human consumption. In conclusion, the work revealed diferences between countries in the perceptions about edible insects, and that these perceptions were also significantly influenced according to other sociodemographic variables.
- Unveiling the chemistry and bioactivity of bee products and their derivativesPublication . Anjos, O.; Miguel, Maria GraçaApiculture, or beekeeping, refers to the cultivation and management of honey bees for honey and byproducts, including the extraction, bottling, and sale of hive products such as honey, propolis, royal jelly, bee venom, bee pollen, bee bread and other fermented bee products [1]. Honey is a supersaturated solution or semi-solid natural sweet product produced by both honey bees (Apis subfamily) and stingless bees (Meliponinae subfamily) from carbohydrate-containing exudates produced by plants, mainly from nectar sources. The most common honey bee is Apis mellifera L., whereas stingless bees comprise multiple genera, including Scaptotrigona, Melipona and Trigona, with the last two being the most domesticated worldwide [1–3]. Honeydew honey is also a sweet natural product produced by bees from honeydew (sugary substance that aphids release on the bark or other parts of plants after assimilating the lymph) [1–4]. Honey is a complex mixture of carbohydrates along with other less common components like vitamins, minerals, lipids, organic acids, proteins, amino acids, flavonoids, pigments, waxes, pollen grains, various enzymes, and other phytochemicals. The first method for identifying the botanical source of bee honey is pollen analysis. With this information, one may identify pollen grains and use them to describe the honey-producing region [5]. According to the pollen analysis, honeys can be classified as (a) monofloral/unifloral if honeys contain predominantly pollen grains from an unique plant species (≥45% of all nectariferous pollen grains counted); (b) bifloral honeys contain pollen grains from two plant species with a frequency of 15–45% per nectariferous species; (c) plurifloral/ multifloral honeys contain pollen grains from three or more nectariferous plant species with frequencies in the 3–15% (“important minor pollen types,) or <3% (“minor pollen types) [5]. working on developing an ISO standard for this purpose.
- Healthy motivations for food consumption in 16 countriesPublication . Guiné, Raquel P. F.; Gonçalves, Joana; Florença, Sofia G.; Ferreira, Manuela; Cardoso, Ana Paula; Bartkiene, Elena; Djekić, Ilija; Tarcea, Monica; Rumbak, Ivana; Sarić, Marijana Matek; Bizjak, Maša Černelič; Isoldi, Kathy; El-Kenawy, Ayman; Ferreira, Vanessa; Klava, Dace; Korzeniowska, Małgorzata; Vittadini, Elena; Leal, Marcela; Papageorgiou, Maria; Anjos, O.There are many factors that can influence people’s attitudes towards healthy eating, including personal nature, sociodemographic influences, and lifestyle. This work investigated to what extent the motivations for healthy food consumption are shaped in individuals from different countries. A questionnaire survey was carried out on a sample of 11,919 participants from 16 countries. The results indicated that the strongest motivations for healthy food consumption were related to the perception of consuming healthy food, eating foods rich in vitamins and minerals, allied to food safety and hygiene concerns. Significant differences were found in healthy motivations between countries. Additionally, the sociodemographic variables that had a higher influence on health motivation levels were country, age, and gender. Concerning the anthropometric and lifestyle variables influencing healthy motivation for food consumption, the discriminating variables were: believing in having a healthy diet, physical exercise, and chronic diseases. In conclusion, the work showed important differences in the motivations for a healthy diet in different countries, but other variables also play a role in the motivation for the consumption of foods for health and well-being.
- Cultural heritage on gastronomic usages of honey: Recipe analysis and cluster segmentationPublication . Florença, Sofia G.; Ferrão, Ana C.; Costa, Cristina A,; Barroca, Maria João; Silva, Aida; Pedro, Soraia; Anjos, O.; Guiné, Raquel P. F.Honey has been a food product used by humans since immemorial times, both for nutritional and medicinal reasons. Gastronomic recipes contain a great deal of knowledge and cultural heritage, both in the form of traditional ancient recipes as well as innovative and modern recipes. This study intends to investigate the use of honey in gastronomy with the purpose of increasing knowledge regarding the culinary usages of honey, much valued by traditional culture as well as modern practices. An analysis was conducted based on 150 recipes that include honey as an ingredient. A classification of the recipes according to several types of recipes and cooking variables was made, and ingredients were categorised according to the defined classes. Results show that honey is added to recipes essentially as a secondary ingredient in most dishes, while for desserts, it has a more prominent role. Factor analysis revealed two factors: one linked with cooking variables and the other associated with ingredients. Cluster analysis showed five clusters, distinguished according to dish type and ingredient groups, among other distinctive variables. In conclusion, this work showed that honey is a very versatile ingredient with broad applicability in gastronomic preparations.
- Edible insects: Consumption, perceptions, culture and tradition among adult citizens from 14 countriesPublication . Raquel P. F. Guiné; Sofia G. Florença; Costa, Cristina A.; Correia, Paula M. R.; Lopes, Luísa Cruz; Esteves, Bruno; Ferreira, Manuela; Fragata, Anabela; Cardoso, Ana P.; Campos, Sofia; Anjos, O.; Boustani, Nada M.; Bartkiene, Elena; Chuck-Hernández, Cristina; Djekic, Ilija; Tarcea, Monica; Sarić, Marijana Matek; Kruma, Zanda; Korzeniowska, Malgorzata; Papageorgiou, Maria; González Árias, Leticia; Černelič-Bizjak, Maša; Damarli, Emel; Ferreira, Vanessa; Bayraktaroğlu, Emre; Arpa, Fatmanur OzyurekAlthough edible insects (EIs) are encouraged as a sustainable source of protein, their consumption is not as generalised as other types of food that are internationally accepted. While in some regions of the world, EIs are part of the gastronomic and cultural traditions, in other regions, people are not so receptive to this type of food, and some people even express some disgust towards it. Hence, this research focused on the habits of the participants regarding the consumption of insects as well as their perceptions about EIs being or not a part of the local culture or gastronomic patrimony. A questionnaire survey was implemented in fourteen countries (Brazil, Croatia, Greece, Latvia, Lebanon, Lithuania, Mexico, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovenia, Spain, and Turkey), and globally, 7222 adult participants responded to the questionnaire. SPSS software (version 28) was used to process the data and carry out chi-square tests and Factor Analyses (FA). The obtained results showed significant differences between countries for all the questions included in the survey, either those regarding the habits of the participants or their opinions about the facts linked with EI tradition or cultural aspects. It was found that participants from Mexico consume EIs more than in all other countries and that strong motivations that would lead to consumption among those who do not consume include curiosity and food shortage. The solution obtained with FA considering the ten statements of the scale consisted of two factors: F1—Culture and Tradition of EIs (α = 0.675) and F2—Acceptance of EIs (α = 0.614). In conclusion, the consumption of EIs and the perceptions of people are highly variable according to geographic location and cultural environment.
- Plant-based beverages: Consumption habits, perception and knowledge on a sample of Portuguese citizensPublication . Anjos, O.; Pires, Patrícia C.P.; Gonçalves, Joana; Estevinho, Letícia M.; Mendonça, António G.; Guiné, Raquel P. F.Plant-based beverages (PBB) consumption has increased significantly worldwide due to an interest in vegetarian/vegan diets, taste preferences, health and ethical and environmental issues. Therefore, this study intends to investigate consumption habits, consumer preferences and consumers’ level of knowledge about PBB. In this study, a voluntary, anonymous questionnaire survey was applied to a sample of participants from Portugal. The sample was recruited by convenience, and therefore, the distribution among the groups was not even. Data analysis involved different statistical techniques: basic statistics, chi-square tests, factor analysis, cluster analysis and tree classification analysis. The results indicated that the most consumed PBB were almond, soy and oat beverages. The majority of consumers chose these beverages for nutritional and health reasons, while a smaller number consumed them as part of a vegetarian or vegan diet. The main motivations for consuming PBB are mainly associated with sustainability and health benefits. The results regarding the respondents’ knowledge about PBB revealed that a health-related profession was the most significant predictor. These results allowed us to conclude that the factors of nutrition, health, ethics and practice of a vegetarian/vegan diet influence the consumption of PBB. It was also concluded that being in a healthcare profession, along with age and professional status within this field, were significant factors influencing the level of knowledge about PBB.
- Recognizing diversity to enable an agroecological transition: understanding the potential of family farmers in PortugalPublication . Pereira, Inês Costa; Aguiar, Ana A.R.M.; Delgado, F.M.G.; Costa, Cristina A.The agroecological transition of family farms in Portugal poses a significant challenge within the framework of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) and the European Green Deal. Despite their multifunctional contributions to rural territories, family farms—particularly smallholders—remain structurally disadvantaged by policy frameworks that continue to favor large-scale, high-input agricultural models. This study demonstrates that aligning family farming with agroecological principles yields tangible benefits and requires support through differentiated, typology-sensitive public policies. Using a tailored methodology, data were collected from 40 farms initially classified as conventional or agroecological. Ward’s hierarchical clustering, supported by complementary significance tests, identified three distinct farmer typologies: conventional, proto-agroecological, and agroecological. These typologies reflect meaningful differences in ecological integration, systemic thinking, and social engagement. The findings highlight the need for targeted policy frameworks that recognize farm diversity and promote multiple pathways toward agroecology. This typology-based approach provides an empirically grounded foundation for designing more inclusive and context-responsive institutional support for family farmers in Portugal.
- Healthy motivations for food consumption in 16 countriesPublication . Guiné, Raquel P. F.; Gonçalves, Joana; Florença, Sofia G.; Manuela Ferreira; Cardoso, Ana Paula; Bartkiene, Elena; Djekić, Ilija; Tarcea, Monica; Rumbak, Ivana; Sarić, Marijana Matek; Černelič-Bizjak, Maša; Isoldi, Kathy; El-Kenawy, Ayman; Ferreira, Vanessa; Klava, Dace; Korzeniowska, Małgorzata; Vittadini, Elena; Leal, Marcela; Papageorgiou, Maria; Anjos, O.There are many factors that can influence people’s attitudes towards healthy eating, including personal nature, sociodemographic influences, and lifestyle. This work investigated to what extent the motivations for healthy food consumption are shaped in individuals from different countries. A questionnaire survey was carried out on a sample of 11,919 participants from 16 countries. The results indicated that the strongest motivations for healthy food consumption were related to the perception of consuming healthy food, eating foods rich in vitamins and minerals, allied to food safety and hygiene concerns. Significant differences were found in healthy motivations between countries. Additionally, the sociodemographic variables that had a higher influence on health motivation levels were country, age, and gender. Concerning the anthropometric and lifestyle variables influencing healthy motivation for food consumption, the discriminating variables were: believing in having a healthy diet, physical exercise, and chronic diseases. In conclusion, the work showed important differences in the motivations for a healthy diet in different countries, but other variables also play a role in the motivation for the consumption of foods for health and well-being.
- Peach tree canopy assessment through aerial image detection for improved management and sustainabilityPublication . Simões, M.P.; Veloso, Abel; Assunção, E.; Moreira, E.; Teixeira, M.C.C.; Gaspar, Pedro DinisPrecision agriculture aims to detect differences in plant development within adefined area, allowing to adjust production techniques according to the plantdevelopment. Plant development is evaluated by remote detection allowing theapplication of variable rate application techniques. The efficiency of precisionagriculture is correlated with large areas of the same crop where plantsdevelopment is highly correlated with soil characteristics variation. Theapplication of precision agriculture in fruit production is common in the speciesthat allow mechanical harvesting, and, consequently, allows obtaining yieldmaps. Peach production is carried out by manual harvesting and is usuallybased on medium-sized parcels, as the fruit is very perishable and harvestwindow for each cultivar is short, from 10 to 15 days. This paper describes theexperimental tests developed to evaluate the volume of peach tree canopy,based on images captured by a drone, and its correlation with trunk sectionarea, which is a common way of assessing tree vigor. Ten plants per orchardwere monitored in 20 different orchards. The correlation between tree canopyand nutritional status was developed using the orchard as the repeating unit.The results indicate that projected canopy area, evaluated by aerial images, isdirectly correlated with tree canopy volume, in full developed orchards, as treeheight is standardized in every orchard according to the training system. Theremote assessment of the tree canopy allows the adoption of differentiatedtechniques that contribute to better management focused on a greater incometo the farmer and, at the same time, contribute to environmental sustainability.