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- Edible insects – exotic food or gastronomic innovation? Study involving 14 countriesPublication . Guiné, Raquel P.F.; Florença, Sofia G.; Bartkiene, Elena; Tarcea, Monica; Chuck-Hernández, Cristina; Djekic, Ilija; Sarić, MarijanavMatek; Boustani, Nada M.; Korzeniowska, Malgorzata; Klava, Dace; Papageorgiou, Maria; Fresno Baro, José Maria; Černelič-Bizjak, Maša; Damarli, Emel; Ferreira, Vanessa; Costa, Cristina A.; Correia, Paula M.R.; Ferreira, Manuela; Cardoso, Ana Paula; Campos, Sofia; Anjos, O.This study explores the perceptions about edible insects and their usage in modern gastronomy. Data were collected through questionnaire survey in 14 countries, and 7222 responses were obtained. ANOVA and factor analysis were used, respectively to evaluate differences between groups and to analyze the scale items. The results showed that participants showed higher agreement toward insects being considered exotic foods and being associated with taboos and neophobia. Some sociodemographic factors (country, age class, education level and income) were proven to significantly influence with the perceptions. while sex and living environment did not. Factor analysis extracted three factors, one associated with the uses of insects in gastronomy, another associated with insects as foods and a third about insects not being proper for human consumption. In conclusion, the work revealed differences between countries in the perceptions about edible insects, and that these perceptions were also significantly influenced according to other sociodemographic variables.
- Estudo internacional do nível de conhecimento sobre insetos comestíveisPublication . Guiné, Raquel P.F.; Florença, Sofia G.; Ferreira, Manuela; Costa, Cristina A.; Correia, Paula M.R.; Cardoso, Ana Paula; Campos, Sofia; Anjos, O.; Chuck-Hernández, Cristina; Saric, Marijana Matek; Fresno Baro, José Maria; Kozeniowska, Malgorzata; Černelič-Bizjak, Maša; Bartkiene, Elena; Tarcea, Monica; Boustani, Nada M.; Djekic, Ilija; Klava, Dace; Damarli, EmelO consumo de insetos é uma prática tradicional ao longo da história humana, mas o seu consumo é muito variável, de acordo com a região do globo. Procurou-se investigar o nível de conhecimento sobre insetos comestíveis numa amostra de participantes de treze países.
- Investigation of the level of knowledge in different countries about edible insects : cluster segmentationPublication . Guiné, Raquel P.F.; Florença, Sofia G.; Costa, Cristina A.; Correia, Paula M.R.; Ferreira, Manuela; Cardoso, Ana Paula; Campos, Sofia; Anjos, O.; Chuck-Hernández, Cristina; Sarić, Marijana Matek; Djekic, Ilija; Papageorgiou, Maria; Fresno Baro, José Maria; Korzeniowska, Malgorzata; Černelič-Bizjak, Maša; Bartkiene, Elena; Tarcea, Monica; Boustani, Nada M.; Klava, Dace; Damarli, EmelThis study aimed to investigate the level of knowledge about edible insects (EIs) in a sample of people from thirteen countries (Croatia, Greece, Latvia, Lebanon, Lithuania, Mexico, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovenia, Spain, and Turkey). Data collection was based on a questionnaire survey applied through online tools between July and November 2021. For data analysis, techniques such as factor analysis, cluster analysis, and chi-square tests were used, with a significance level of 5%. A total of 27 items were used to measure knowledge on a five-point Likert scale. Applying factor analysis with principal components and Varimax rotation, a solution that explains about 55% of variance was obtained. This accounts for four factors that retained 22 of the 27 initial items: F1 = Sustainability (8 items), F2 = Nutrition (8 items), F3 = Production Factors (2 items), and F4 = Health Concerns (4 items). Internal consistency was evaluated through Cronbach’s alpha. The cluster analysis consisted of the application of hierarchical methods followed by k-means and produced three clusters (1—‘fearful’, 2—‘farming,’ and 3—‘ecological’ individuals). The characterisation of the clusters revealed that age did not influence cluster membership, while sex, education, country, living environment, professional area, and income all influenced the composition of the clusters. While participants from Mexico and Spain were fewer in the ‘fearful’ cluster, in those from Greece, Latvia, Lebanon, and Turkey, the situation was opposed. Participants from rural areas were mostly in cluster 2, which also included a higher percentage of participants with lower income. Participants from professional areas linked with biology, food, and nutrition were mostly in cluster 3. In this way, we concluded that the level of knowledge about EIs is highly variable according to the individual characteristics, namely that the social and cultural influences of the different countries lead to distinct levels of knowledge and interpretation of information, thus producing divergent approaches to the consumption of insects—some more reluctant and measuring possible risks. In contrast, others consider EIs a good and sustainable protein-food alternative.
- The international research project EISuFood - Edible Insects as Sustainable FoodsPublication . Guiné, Raquel P.F.; Florença, Sofia G.; Duarte, João; Ferreira, Manuela; Costa, Cristina A.; Correia, Paula M.R.; Cardoso, Ana Paula; Campos, Sofia; Anjos, O.; Chuck-Hernández, Cristina; Saric, Marijana Matek; Papageorgiou, Maria; Fresno Baro, José Maria; Korzeniowska, Malgorzata; Černelič-Bizjak, Maša; Bartkiene, Elena; Tarcea, M.; Boustani, Nada M.; Djekic, Ilija; Klava, Dace; Damarli, Emel; Ortet, O.; Ropero, M.C.; Elamine, Youssef; Oyerinde, A.; Ferreira, VanessaThe international research project EISUFOOD - Edible Insects as Sustainable Foods.