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- Estudo das diferenças na coordenação motora comparando indivíduos com deficiência intelectual, eutróficos e com sobrepesoPublication . Taborda, Bruno Gonçalo Fernandes; Paulo, Rui; Neiva, Henrique; Rocha, João; Ramalho, André; Duarte-Mendes, PedroEste estudo tem como objetivo averiguar se existem diferenças significativas na coordenação motora, comparando indivíduos com Deficiência Intelectual eutróficos, com indivíduos com Deficiência Intelectual com sobrepeso. Participaram no nosso estudo 48 indivíduos (27±8.4 anos) com Deficiência Intelectual. O instrumento aplicado foi a bateria de testes KTK (Kiphard & Schilling, 1974), composta por 4 tarefas. Posteriormente foi feita uma divisão dos participantes pelo nível de IMC, sendo que o grupo dos Eutróficos eram sujeitos com IMC até 24,9 kg/m² e o grupo Sobrepeso, sujeitos com IMC acima de 25 kg/m². Relativamente à análise estatística, recorrendo ao Software SPSS 23.0, procedeu-se à verificação da distribuição da amostra (Shapiro-Wilk), onde apenas uma variável (Saltos Monopedais) não a demonstrou. Para essa variável utilizámos o teste U de Mann-Whitney. Para as restantes variáveis, com distribuição normal, utilizámos o t-teste. Foi também realizado o método de inferências baseadas na magnitude dos efeitos. Verificámos diferenças significativas (p≤0.05) na comparação entre os 2 grupos da amostra, em todas as tarefas da bateria KTK, incluindo o score final, onde o grupo dos eutróficos apresentou os melhores resultados, comparativamente ao grupo com sobrepeso. Concluímos que os indivíduos com deficiência intelectual, com IMC menor ou igual que 25 (eutróficos), apresentam melhor desempenho nos testes de coordenação motora, comparativamente ao grupo com sobrepeso.
- Um retrato de movimento na escola a tempo inteiro em Portugal: estudo de caso sobre a Escola Senhora da PiedadePublication . Faustino, António; Serrano, João; Duarte-Mendes, Pedro; Paulo, Rui; Honório, Samuel; Batista, Marco; Petrica, JoãoOs resultados do Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) promoveram uma reflexão sobre o tempo e curricula escolares em diferentes países, levando ao aparecimento da “escola em tempo integral” como forma mais apropriada para melhorar os resultados escolares dos alunos. Objetivo: Perceber como é que o movimento e o jogo são desenvolvidos na “escola em tempo integral”, através de um “retrato de movimento na escola”. Métodos: Para responder ao objetivo enunciado optámos por um estudo do tipo exploratório descritivo analítico efetuado numa escola da cidade de Castelo Branco. Foram usados como métodos para recolha dos dados: a observação (nos espaços exteriores e interiores), a análise documental (projeto educativo, plano anual de atividades e regulamento interno) e entrevistas semiestruturadas (ao diretor do agrupamento, a alunos e professoras). As entrevistas foram todas gravadas para posterior análise. Resultados: A apresentação dos resultados obedece a uma triangulação dos dados recolhidos. Constatamos que a escola tem uma estrutura do tempo escolar em blocos de 90 minutos; mas pouca possibilidade para o aluno de organizar o seu tempo de aprendizagem de maneira autónoma; um ensino orientado ao professor; um ensino cognitivo, sem movimento, com muito tempo para os alunos permanecerem sentados; separação entre o ensino de manhã e da tarde. Variedade de ofertas de movimento com uma perspetiva de sentido orientada ao desporto; uma cooperação estreita com parceiros externos, mas também com outro pessoal pedagógico da escola. Separação entre uma área escolar interna como uma aréa imóvel (sem movimento) e uma área escolar externa como uma área móvel. Os professores relatam um ensino móvel, os alunos nunca vivenciam um ensino móvel, mas também não foi observado qualquer ensino móvel. Conclusões: A escola estudada tem espaços, no entanto a forma como está configurado o espaço interior, bem como o mobiliário usado, as normas impostas e a gestão e abordagem das matérias escolares são claramente condicionadoras do movimento das crianças, havendo possibilidades de movimento e um tempo privilegiado de jogo essencialmente durante os intervalos escolares e atividades extraescolares.
- Influence of breastfeeding type and gender on child development : differences in global and fine motor skillsPublication . Paulo, Rui; Corte, Vivian Isabel Faria da; Rebelo, Miguel; Duarte-Mendes, Pedro; Petrica, João; Serrano, JoãoBackground: There are few studies that approach the subject of breastfeeding related to the development of motor skills. The study aimed to verify if there are differences in the global and fine motor skills, considering the variables gender and type of breastfeeding, in children from 18 to 44 months. Methods: We developed a quantitative correctional typology, being a cross-sectional study with a sample of 128 children of both genders. The instruments used in the study were the Peabody Developmental Motor Scales-2, and to assess the profile of the children a questionnaire was delivered to the parents. To test the normality of the sample, we applied the Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test and the Shapiro-Wilk Test. The Mann-Whitney U-Test was used for independent samples, also calculating the effect size. Results: The boys obtained higher mean values in all motor skills, except for the fine motor skills and fine motricity, and in these, the girls obtainied the higher mean values. With respect to the inferential analysis, concerning the variable gender, there are statistically significant differences (P<0.00) in the variables: locomotor skills, object handling skills, global motricity and global motor quotient (P=0.017) the boys exhibiting the higher values, which means the better performances. We also verify that children who were not breastfed with breast milk, through feeding bottle with replacement milk, obtained higher mean values in all motor skills when compared to the ones who were breastfed with breast milk, and there is a statistically significant difference in the variable fine manipulation skills (P=0.024). Conclusions: Male children obtained better results in all motor skills, except for fine motricity, comparing with female children. Regarding breastfeeding, the children who were not breastfed with breast milk, show better results, mainly in Fine manipulation skills, which may be due to the previous need to handle the bottle on early age.
- Changes in body composition and blood pressure in students entering in university education: a 32-month longitudinal studyPublication . Paulo, Rui; Duarte-Mendes, Pedro; Silva, Fernanda; Serrano, João; Ramalho, André; Petrica, JoãoThe university access entails some constraints on the lifestyles of young students, including their physical activity patterns. This study objective to know if the students who entered university education and who attend courses in sports sciences have more adjusted values in terms of body composition and blood pressure in relation to students taking other courses. METHODS: Thirty-one students (age 19.81±1.64 years) participated in this study, of both sexes, divided in two groups: sports students group (N.=19); and students group from other courses (N.=12). Body composition was evaluated, namely Body Mass Index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), using tetrapolar bio impedance (Tanita BC-601) the percentage of body fat (%BF), muscle mass (MM) and bone mineral (BM) were calculated. Blood pressure (SBP/DBP) was also measured (Omron DBP HEM-907). We checked the distribution of the sample. For the variables with normal distribution, we used the paired t-test and for the other variables with non-normal distribution we used the Wilcoxon test. Comparing baseline and follow-up, in sports students, there are differences for the variables WC, HC, MM, BM and SBP. In these comparisons, there was an increase in the absolute values of all variables, except for the %BF, SBP and DBP variables. The group of students from other courses, presents differences for the BMI, WC, HC, %BF and DBP. Students from the Sports course present better overall results in terms of body composition and blood pressure, compared to students from other courses.
- Physical fitness in children in Cabo Verde: differences between gender, eutrophic vs. overweight subjects, and practitioners vs. non-practitioners of sportsPublication . Manique, Liliana Patrícia Campos; Paulo, Rui; Ramalho, André; Duarte-Mendes, Pedro; Petrica, João; Serrano, JoãoBACKGROUND: There are few or even rare studies conducted in Cabo Verde (Republic of Cabo Verde) that address the issue of physical fitness and body composition in the juvenile population. This investigation aims to study the physical fitness in children in Cabo Verde: differences between gender, eutrophic, and overweight subjects, between practitioners and non-practitioners of sports. METHODS: The sample consisted of 93 individuals aged between 10 and 15 years, from the 2nd and 3rd cycles and secondary school of the Portuguese College based in Cabo Verde. The instruments used for data collection were the FITescola® test battery (Lisboa, Portugal), and the questionnaire Quantification de l’activite physique en altitude chez les enfants (QAPACE) for assessment of physical activity level. Regarding the statistical analysis using the SPSS 23.0 software (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA), the first analysis was performed to verify the distribution of the sample (Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test and Shapiro-Wilk Test). Then, for variables with normal distribution we used the t-test and for the remaining variables with non-normal distribution we used the Mann-Whitney Test, with a significance level of 5%. RESULTS: Gender differences were found, in which the male gender obtained more favorable mean values in the “sit-ups,” “push-ups,” “horizontal impulsion,” “shuttle” and “agility” variables, while the females showed superiority in the variables “sit and reach;” differences between the eutrophic and overweight group where, as expected, more favorable mean values for eutrophics than the overweight group in all PF tests. Finally, differences between practitioners and non-practitioners of sports, with the best results being attributed to practitioners of sports. CONCLUSIONS: We concluded that male subjects have greater proficiency in strength and aerobic fitness tests while female subjects have greater flexibility. High BMI values in overweight children have been found to be associated with increased abdominal fat as well as a reduction in overall PF. As expected, sports practitioners show better results in motor performance on PF tests.
- Assessment of body composition, lower limbs power, and anaerobic power of senior soccer players in Portugal : differences according to the competitive levelPublication . Tereso, Diogo; Paulo, Rui; Petrica, João; Duarte-Mendes, Pedro; Gamonales, José M.; Ibañez, Sergio J.Background. During a soccer game, the most diversified stimuli occur all the time, the physical condition level plays a determinant role, and there may be variations according to the competitive level. In this sense, the present study aimed to verify differences in body composition, lower limbs power, and anaerobic power, comparing senior soccer players of different competitive levels. Methods. Participants were 81 players belonging to six soccer teams, aged between 18 and 35 years, with a mean age of 23.14 ± 4.23 years, who were divided into three distinct competitive levels: Elite, Sub-Elite and Non-Elite. The players performed bioimpedance evaluations on a tetrapolarInbody270 scale (body composition), the Countermovement Jump (CMJ) through the ChronoJump (lower limbs power), and Running Anaerobic Sprint Test (RAST) (anaerobic power). Results. Based on the competitive level analysis, we verified that the players present body composition values similar to each other regardless of the competitive level in which they play. Concerning the performance evaluations, we verified that the elite players present higher values of highest jump (p = 0.012; d = 0.76, moderate; and p = 0.022; d = 0.71, moderate) and maximum force produced (p = 0.05; d = 0.64, moderate; and p = 0.002; d = 1.00, moderate), together with higher values of anaerobic power (p < 0.001; d = 2.43, very large; and p < 0.001; d = 2.22, very large), compared to the others. Conclusions. We can thus conclude that there is a homogeneity regarding the body composition of soccer players, regardless of their competitive level; in turn, elite players show better performance indicators in all variables.
- Abordagens sobre treino desportivoPublication . Petrica, João; Paulo, Rui; Duarte-Mendes, Pedro; Batista, MarcoOs contributos para o desenvolvimento das competências dos profissionais da área das Ciências do Desporto são sempre bem-vindos. Com o intuito de se constituir como uma ferramenta de trabalho para todos os que procurem conhecimento nesta área tão específica, elaborou-se este documento estruturado, contendo informação específica e pertinente. Mantemos também uma política editorial de abertura à comunidade científica da área das Ciências do Desporto, originando um livro que reúne um conjunto de artigos que abordam temáticas diversas em contextos diferentes e da autoria de Professores/Investigadores nacionais e internacionais, de reconhecido mérito académico e científico. Relativamente à estrutura, este documento está dividido em 13 seções - Artigos - de temáticas relacionadas com a área do Treino, mas com perspetivas distintas, realizados com base em investigações realizadas nos mais diversos contextos.
- Variability of lower limb artery systolic–diastolic velocities in futsal athletes and non-athletes: evaluation by arterial doppler ultrasoundPublication . Duarte-Mendes, Pedro; Paulo, Rui; Coelho, Patrícia; Rodrigues, Francisco; Marques, Vasco; Mateus, SóniaBackground: Sports athletes, namely high-intensity practitioners, suffer from vascular remodeling overtime. The purpose of this study was to analyze the systolic and diastolic velocities' variation between non-athletes and futsal athletes by means of arterial lower limb doppler ultrasound. Additionally, we intended to verify if the velocity variations occur primarily at the systolic or the diastolic level and in which arteries. Methods: Seventy-six young males (mean ± SD: 24.9 ± 2.8 years old) volunteered to participate in this cross-sectional study and were divided into two groups: a futsal athletes group (n = 38; 24 ± 2.78 years) in the central region of Portugal playing on the 2nd national league with the same level of practice (16 ± 2.4 years of practice) and a non-athletes group (n = 38: 26 ± 1.8 years) who did not practice sports regularly and were not federated in any sport. All the subjects agreed to participate in the study with the aim of assessing the arterial lower limb through doppler ultrasound (Philips HD7 echograph with linear transducer 7-12 MHz). Results: Differences between groups (p ≤ 0.05) in the systolic velocity of the left deep femoral artery (p = 0.022; d = 0.546, small) and in the right superficial femoral artery (p = 0.028; d = -0.515, small) were found. We also found differences in the diastolic velocity: in the left common femoral artery (p = 0.002; d = -0.748, moderate), in the right deep femoral artery (p = 0.028; d = -0.521, small), in the right superficial femoral artery (p = 0.026; d = -0.522, small), in the right popliteal artery (p = 0.002; d = -0.763, moderate), and in the left popliteal artery (p = 0.007; d = -0.655, moderate). Moreover, the athletes' group presented the highest mean values, with the exception of the systolic velocity of the left deep femoral artery. In intragroup analysis of variance referring to systolic and diastolic velocities in arterial levels in the right and left arteries, differences were found in all analyses (p ≤ 0.05). Conclusions: We conclude that futsal athletes of our sample go through a process of changes such as increased blood flow velocity in systolic and diastolic cardiac phase in all studied lower limb arteries, showing that the remodeling occurs regardless of vessel radius. Our results reinforce the existence of vascular remodeling that may vary with the sport and its intensity.
- Effects of swimming and water walking on body composition and spirometric values in young childrenPublication . Honório, Samuel; Duarte-Mendes, Pedro; Batista, Marco; Serrano, João; Paulo, Rui; Oliveira, João Filipe Moiteiro Dias de; Petrica, João; Santos, JorgeAquatic activities have been recommended as frequent practices due to the physical properties of water with improvements in body composition of young. Objective: To study if there are differences in body composition and spirometric values in children who practice swimming complemented with water walking and those who only practice swimming. Methodology: 28 individuals (6 to 12 years) were divided into two groups: swimming group (SG: n=9) and swimming complemented with water walking group (SWWG: n=19) in three different moments with 6 weeks between them. For body composition a bio-impedance scale was used and an anthropometric tape for the waist circumference. For spirometric values: forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) and even peak expiratory flow (PEF) a Cosmed Microquark spirometer was used. For statistical procedures the SPSS (20.0) program for descriptive statistics, the Shapiro Wilk test for testing the normality, inferential statistics (non-parametric Mann-Whitney tests, Friedman's Anova), and for the effect size the d-Cohen test. Results: Regarding the inter-group analysis (comparison between the SG and SWWG) we observed that there were significant differences in weight (p=0,004), forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1: p=0,025) and peak expiratory flow (PEF: p=0,033). Concerning intra-group differences (improvements in the SG and SWWG), the SWWG showed significant improvements in weight muscle mass (p=0,029), fat mass (p=0,002), percentage of water (p=0,018),, body mass index (BMI: p=0,000), body percentiles (p=0,000), forced vital capacity (FVC: p=0,003) and forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1: p=0,008). We have concluded that the practice of swimming and water walking have benefits with differences in the analysed group variables, however, the two activities complemented (swimming and water walking) present improvements much more significant.
- Comparative study of physical activity, leisure preferences, and sedentary behavior among portuguese, italian, and spanish university studentsPublication . Paulo, Rui; Ramalho, André; Scursatone, Isabella; Caire, Maria; Calle, Nicolás Bores; Bores-García, Daniel; Espada, María; Rebelo, Miguel; Duarte-Mendes, PedroObjective: The objective of this study is to describe and compare the levels of physical activity, preferences for leisure-time physical activity, and the frequency of non-sedentary behaviors of Portuguese, Italian, and Spanish students attending higher education. Methods: A total of 1354 students (21.2 ± 2.9 years) participated in the study, with data collected through an online questionnaire for 6 months. Results: The highest levels of sedentary behavior are found among Spanish students, followed by the Portuguese, and lastly the Italians. In relation to physical activity levels, Spanish students perform more low and moderate physical activity, while Italian students perform more vigorous activities and naturally have a lower level of sedentary behavior. Conclusions: However, it is worth highlighting that students from all three countries reach the minimum levels of physical activity recommended by the WHO.