ESECB - Artigos em revistas com arbitragem científica
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- Your time, whose science? On tempo reviewability in human movement researchPublication . Ramalho, AndréWho owns research tempo? In human movement research, the pro blem of acceleration is not simply that research moves too quickly, but that institutional timelines increasingly shape what can be asked, observed, published, and credited. This field makes temporal governance especially visible because many of its central phenomena – recovery, learning, aging, adaptation – are constituted by their temporal structure. Funding horizons, evaluation windows, protocol timelines, publication-mediated visibility, policy urgency, and career clocks can become tightly coupled, making some forms of inquiry easier to complete and others professionally risky to sustain. This article examines how such coupling can compress research into auditable outputs while displacing the time required for follow-up, interpretation, repair, and care onto those with the least temporal slack. It then develops time-attuned science as a procedural framework for making research timelines explicit, reviewable, and revisable when temporal misfit threatens validity or justice. The framework is organized around tempo reviwability, tempo adequacy, and three procedural tests: tempo-fit, tempo justice, and reflexivity. The aim is not to oppose speed or to defend slowness as a virtue, but to make the adequacy of research tempo open to justification, contestation, and warranted revision.
- Assessment of internal load and external load in senior football players: Differences between competitive levelsPublication . Tereso, Diogo; Gamonales, José M.; Hernández-Beltrán, Víctor; Paulo, RuiBackground: Football is an intermittent sport characterized by high physical and physiological demands, which may be influenced by the competitive level. Understanding differences in match load is fundamental for optimizing training planning, fatigue management, and athlete performance and injury prevention. This study aimed to evaluate and compare external and internal load in senior football players in Portugal across five distinct competitive levels. Methods: Wimu ProTM (Hudl, Lincoln, NE, USA) and Garmin Heart Rate bands (Garmin International Inc., Olathe, KS, USA) were used to quantify and evaluate the external and internal load of the players. A total of 96 athletes were assessed, with ages ranging from 19 to 36 years (mean: 24.28 ± 4.72), who were divided into five competition levels (1st Division (n = 19), 2nd Division (n = 21), 3rd Division (n = 14), 4th Division (n = 20), and Regional Division (n = 22). Results: Significant differences were observed between competitive levels across several external load variables (p > 0.001). The 3rd Division and 4th Division showed higher values in variables associated with reactive and high-intensity actions (p < 0.001; effect size: 0.287), whereas the 2nd Division exhibited a more controlled load profile. Regarding internal load, significant differences were only observed in average heart rate during the second half (p = 0.043; effect size: 0.085), indicating distinct capacities to maintain physiological intensity under fatigue. Conclusions: It can be concluded that competitive level influences load profiles in football, although the differences do not follow a linear pattern. External and internal loads demonstrate greater discriminatory capacity between competitive levels than internal load.
- Heritage education in the digital age: An analysis of public perceptions of the documentary Amato Lusitano Science and HumanismPublication . Jorge, Fátima; Marcelo, Ana Sofia; Reis, Carlos Domingues dos; Naik, Neel; Marcos, Isabel; Pais, António; Ribeiro, Madalena; Silva, Ricardo J. Nunes da; Afonso, Paulo; Melia, PaulCommunicating heritage to contemporary audiences, especially younger generations, is a central challenge in Heritage Education. This study aims to analyse audience perceptions of the documentary Amato Lusitano: Ciência e Humanismo—a cultural mediation tool designed and produced by the authors—and to verify the association of these perceptions with sociodemographic profiles. Framed within an action research methodology, the study combines artistic creation and empirical analysis of public reception. During the first screening, a questionnaire was administered to 55 viewers (37 students aged < 40), and data were submitted to an exploratory factor analysis. This revealed a two-factor structure, highlighting a primary factor—Communicative and Educational Effectiveness—with high internal consistency (α = 0.89). Participants reported high agreement with this dimension, with statistically significant differences across generational groups (p < 0.005). Participants with less prior knowledge about Amato Lusitano showed a greater perception of novelty. Clarity of information and quality of the content were the most valued aspects. In contrast, duration and accessibility emerged as areas for improvement. The potential of the documentary as a heritage education resource for initial teacher training is evident. It is necessary to develop more modular, dynamic content ecosystems tailored for young audiences.
- Relationship between motor competence and weight status from childhood to adolescence (3-19 years)Publication . Pombo, André; Luz, Carlos; Cordovil, Rita; Almeida, Gabriela; Rebelo, Miguel; Serrano, João; Rodrigues, Luis Paulo; Turkish Archives of PediatricsObjective: To evaluate the relationship between motor competence (MC) and weight status (WS) from childhood through adolescence. Methods: A total of 4537 participants (2425 boys) aged 3-19 years were assessed. The MC was measured using the MC Assessment (MCA) instrument, and body mass index was calculated from height and weight. Results: An inverted U-shaped relationship was observed between WS and MC. Participants with a healthy weight (HW) consistently showed higher total MCA scores compared to those with underweight (UW) (P = .002), overweight (OW), and obesity (OB) (both P < .001). The OB participants had the lowest MC scores overall (OB < OW < HW; P < .001), with UW also per-forming significantly worse than HW. This pattern was consistent in the Stability and Locomotor components. However, in the Manipulative component, UW participants scored significantly lower than all other groups (HW P = .028; OW P = .024; OB P = .017), while HW, OW, and OB did not differ significantly. These patterns were consistent across sex and age groups (all Ps > .05). Conclusion: An association between WS and MC was observed across developmental stages, suggesting that HW profiles may be related to higher MC. The consistency of these patterns across age and sex suggests that biological and sociocultural mechanisms may jointly influ-ence this relationship throughout development.
- Not all sitting is equal in later life: A perspective on cognitively active sedentary behaviorPublication . Ramalho, André; Fernandes, Emmanuel; Duarte-Mendes, Pedro; Paulo, Rui; Paulo, RuiSedentary behavior is conventionally defined as waking time spent sitting, reclining, or lying at very low energy expenditure (≤1.5 METs), a definition that supports surveillance and guideline translation. For cognitive and mental-health outcomes in later life, however, total sedentary minutes may be too coarse: seated episodes differ in cognitive demand, social context, autonomy over pacing, and stopping cues. This perspective advances a falsifiable thesis: distinguishing cognitively active from cognitively passive sedentary domains should yield more coherent and interpretable associations with cognition and mental health than total sedentary time alone. Existing evidence suggests that passive, media-dominant patterns and cognitively engaging seated practices relate differently to cognitive decline, dementia risk, and depression-related outcomes, although confounding and reverse causality remain central concerns. We propose a minimal measurement agenda: domain reporting, key modifiers, reliability flags for mixed episodes, episode-linked ecological momentary assessment, and time-reallocation contrasts. If domain resolution does not improve stability, coherence, or substitution-based interpretability, the thesis should be rejected or revised.
- The effects of menstrual cycle phase on jumping performance in women's football players: a systematic reviewPublication . Marques, Catarina; Rebelo, Miguel; Serrano, João; Fonseca, Helder; Frontiers in Sports and Active LivingObjectives: This systematic review aimed to evaluate the available evidence on the influence of menstrual cycle (MC) phases on vertical jump performance (countermovement jump and squat jump height) in female football players. Design: The review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines and registered in PROSPERO (ID1035357). Methods: A systematic search was performed in PubMed, Scopus, and SPORTDiscus (EBSCO). Studies were included if they involved female football players, assessed vertical jump performance, and compared performance across MC phases. Methodological quality was assessed using a modified Downs & Black checklist for non-interventional studies. Results: Seven studies met the inclusion criteria. Substantial heterogeneity was observed regarding MC phase determination procedures, sample characteristics, and testing protocols. Although some studies reported higher vertical jump height values during the follicular or ovulatory phases, no statistically significant differences were found. Conclusions: Current evidence is insufficient to determine whether MC phases influence vertical jump performance in female football players. Findings should be interpreted cautiously due to methodological limitations in MC phase determination and low statistical power. Future research should aim to standardize protocols, use objective hormonal verification, and recruit larger samples.
- Multidimensional determinants of decision making in judo: A systematic reviewPublication . Batista, Marco; Šimenko, JožefIntroduction: Decision-making in judo is a critical skill, shaped by multiple physiological, contextual, technical, and psychological factors that interact in highly unpredictable and tactically demanding environments. Objetive: This systematic review aimed to analyze the main determinants of decision-making in judo, synthesize the methodological designs used, and discuss the associated practical and research implications. Methodology: The Scopus and Web of Science databases were searched according to PRISMA guidelines, yielding 4 eligible studies. Results: Evidence shows that decision-making in combat is strongly influenced by variables such as tournament phase, weight category, rapid weight loss, and the opponent's technical style. Lighter athletes exhibit greater technical diversity and faster decision-making, while heavier categories prioritize strength and ground control. Strategies such as pacing and intensity adjustments depending on the competitive moment emerge as central tactical determinants. Rapid weight loss has been shown to compromise executive function, negatively impacting attention and reaction time. Despite advances in observational analyses, there remains a lack of experimental studies integrating neurocognitive and psychophysiological metrics. Conclusions: The conclusion is that decision-making in judo should be trained in representative contexts that simulate the cognitive, technical, and emotional pressures of real competition, promoting an integrated approach between technical training, physical preparation, and mental regulation.
- Editorial: The role of physical education in adolescent life satisfaction and well-beingPublication . Batista, Marco; Galán-Arroyo, Carmen; Castillo-Paredes, Antonio; Rojo-Ramos, JorgeAdolescence is a critical period of human development, characterised by profound biological, psychological, social and reaviou-as changes that influence health, well-being and quality of life across the lifespan. In this context, the promotion of subjective wellbeing and life satisfaction has gained increasing prominence in international research and is recognised as an important indicator of positive development, social adjustment and mental health (1). At the same time, insufficient levels of physical activity observed among young people remain a global public-health concern, with the World Health Organization (2) warning about the high prevalence of sedentary behaviours during adolescence. Scientific evidence consistently shows that regular participation in physical activity is associated with significant physical, psychological and social benefits, including better mental health, higher self-esteem, lower levels of anxiety and depression, and greater subjective well-being (3, 4). Within this framework, Physical Education occupies a privileged position as an educational context capable of promoting not only motor skills but also the personal, social and emotional development of young people (5). Contemporary perspectives also underscore the relevance of the concept of Physical Literacy, understood as the combination of motivation, confidence, physical competence, knowledge and understanding that enables individuals to value and take responsibility for participating in physical activities throughout life (6). Likewise, SelfDetermination Theory suggests that educational contexts that support autonomy, competence and interpersonal relatedness tend to foster more self-determined forms of motivation and higher levels of well-being (7). It was in this context that the Research Topic The Role of Physical Education in Adolescent Life Satisfaction and Well-being emerged. The eleven articles included in this collection offer a comprehensive perspective on how Physical Education, physical activity, Physical Literacy, family and institutional contexts, and various psychological mechanisms contribute to the promotion of well-being among adolescents and young adults. Despite thematic and methodological diversity, the studies converge on a common message: the effects of Physical Education and physical activity on life satisfaction and well-being are explained by a complex network of motivational, psychological, social and contextual mechanisms.
- Emotional intelligence mediates the relationship between sport type and social anxiety in adolescentsPublication . Fernandes, Helder Miguel; Costa, Henrique; Esteves, Pedro Tiago; Fonseca, Teresa de Jesus; Honório, Samuel; Rodrigues, Aristides M. Machado; FrontiersBackground: Adolescence is a developmental period marked by heightened social anxiety vulnerability. Organized sport may protect mental health, but the psychological mechanisms linking sport type to social anxiety remain unclear. Objective: This study examined whether specific emotional intelligence dimensions mediate the association between sport type and social anxiety among adolescents, and whether sex or age moderates these relationships. Methods: The sample comprised 1036 adolescents (603 girls and 433 boys), aged 12-17 years. Participants completed self-report measures assessing sport participation (no sport = 684; individual 24 = 156; and team = 196), emotional intelligence, and social anxiety. Mediation and moderated mediation analyses were conducted using bootstrapped regression models. Results: The use of emotion emerged as the most consistent mediator between sport participation and lower levels of social anxiety. Both individual and team sports were indirectly associated with lower fear of negative evaluation, reduced social avoidance and distress through a greater use of emotion. Team sport participation also showed a direct positive association with fear of negative evaluation, indicating inconsistent mediation. Sex showed no significant moderation effect. Age influenced certain direct and indirect pathways, with team sport participation showing a transient positive association with fear of negative evaluation during early adolescence, buffered by stable protective indirect effects of use of emotion across ages. This is a provisional file, not the final typeset article. Conclusions: These findings indicate that sport participation types were indirectly 34 associated with lower social anxiety in adolescents through adaptive use of emotion, while also suggesting that team sport contexts may amplify evaluative pressures that increase fear of negative evaluation during early adolescence.
- Níveis de bem-estar subjetivo e motivação para a prática de exercício durante o isolamento por Covid-19Publication . Gaspar, Bruno Miguel Almeida Santos; Afonso, Filipa; Bluté, Lino; Galán-Arroyo, Carmen; Batista, MarcoDevido ao risco de saúde pública e com a intenção de reduzir o ritmo de propagação da doença por COVID 19, vários países adotaram medidas. O Governo Português adotou medidas extraordinárias (Decreto-Lei n.º 10-A/2020, de 13 de março) para promover o isolamento social em dois grandes períodos de confinamento. Objetivou-se verificar o efeito que a prática desportiva exerce, sobre os níveis de bem-estar subjetivo e motivação para a prática de exercício durante os períodos de isolamento por COVID-19. Este é um estudo de corte transversal, na medida em que se colhem dados no contexto de uma determinada população num determinado momento (Araújo, 2011), e de natureza exploratória e correlacional. O estudo contou com 822 indivíduos (Género Masculino, n=382; Género Feminino, n=440), com uma média de idades de 28,43±12,07. Utilizámos três questionários, sendo eles o Behavioral Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire (BREQ3); a Escala de Satisfação com a Vida (SWLS); e a Escala de Afetos Positivos e Negativos (PANAS). Registaram-se diferenças entre géneros na motivação autónoma e afetos negativos. Os resultados evidenciaram que indivíduos com níveis mais elevados de motivação autónoma tendem a ter melhores níveis de perceção com a satisfação com a vida e a manifestar estados de afetividade positiva.