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- Concurrent training intensities: a practical approach for program designPublication . Sousa, António; Neiva, Henrique; Izquierdo, Mikel; Alves, Ana R.; Duarte-Mendes, Pedro; Ramalho, André; Mário, Marques; Marinho, DanielSports performance is influenced by the interaction of several physical variables. For this reason, most sports need both strength and endurance capacities to maximize overall performance. Therefore, a combination of resistance and aerobic training, usually called concurrent training (CT), has been used recently as a way of simultaneously improving strength and aerobic performances according to the needs of a specific sport. This combination can be challenging and can influence training adaptations, being a problematic issue for coaches. The main objective is to provide coaches with a practical proposal for CT to improve athletes' performance in different sports.
- Does the inclusion of ballistic exercises during warm-up enhance short distance running performance?Publication . Gil, Maria; Neiva, Henrique; Alves, Ana R.; Sousa, António; Duarte-Mendes, Pedro; Marques, Mário; Marinho, DanielBACKGROUND: Warm-up is considered essential to optimize running performance, but little is known about the effect of specific warm-up tasks, specifically in the real competitive context. The current study aimed to verify the acute effects of a warm-up including ballistic exercises in 30m running performance. In addition, a second 30m trial was assessed to better understand the warm-up effects in training/competition. METHODS: Twenty-two men (19.32±1.43 years-old) randomly completed the time- trials on separate days and after a typical warm-up (WU), a WU complemented with ballistic exercises (post-activation potentiation - PAP) or no warm-up (NWU). Biomechanical, physiological and psychophysiological variables were assessed. RESULTS: The participants were 1.9% faster in the first 30m sprint after WU compared with NWU, mainly increased performance in the first 15m (p=0.03, ES=0.48). WU resulted in greater stride length in the last 15m of the first sprint. PAP did not differ from NWU and WU, despite eight participants performed better after this warm-up. CONCLUSIONS: These results highlight the positive effects of warm- up for sprinting, despite failed to evidence positive effects when ballistic exercises are included. In addition, the influence of warm-up in the running technique was highlighted by the changes in the running kinematics and a need for individualization of warm-up procedures.
- VO2 kinetics and bioenergetic responses to sets performed at 90%, 92.5%, and 95% of 400-m front crawl speed in male swimmersPublication . Matos, Cristiano Cardoso de; Marinho, Daniel; Duarte-Mendes, Pedro; Castro, Flavio Antônio de SouzaPurpose The aim of this study was to analyze the acute responses of oxygen uptake and its kinetics, blood lactate concentration, total metabolic energy and energetic contributions to swimming tests performed at 90%, 92.5% and 95% of the 400 m front crawl test mean speed. Methods Fourteen male swimmers (26.7 ± 5.4 years) performed a 400 m front crawl test and three swimming sets at 90%, 90.5%, and 95% of the mean 400 m test swimming speed. Oxygen uptake, blood lactate concentration, oxygen uptake kinetics (amplitude, time in seconds of the fast phase, time delay and constant time adjustment in the fast phase), total metabolic energy and energetic contributions were obtained. Descriptive and inferential statistics were applied. Results Among the results, the oxygen uptake and time in the 400 m test were: 55.0 ± 5.8 ml.kg−1.min−1 and 324.2 ± 20.0 s. At 90, 92.5 and 95% sets, the oxygen uptake was, respectively, 45.6 ± 4.4, 49.0 ± 6.0, and 52.4 ± 5.8 ml.kg−1.min−1. For 90%, 90.5%, and 95%, total time to exhaustion was, respectively: 1466.1 ± 730.9; 888.71 ± 324.0 and 562.7 ± 166.6 s. The amplitude of the kinetics was higher at 95% set. The slow component of the VO2 kinetics on the 90%, 92.5% and 95% sets were, respectively: 120.7 ± 82.9 ml.min−1, 171.8 ± 140.6 ml.min−1, and 182.6 ± 120.2 ml.min−1. No differences were identified among the slow component’s values. Aerobic contribution was predominant and has decreased as the intensity increased. Conclusion The results suggest that, as there was an increase in intensity (90%, 92.5%, and 95%): (i) increase in oxygen uptake, in blood lactate concentration, in the amplitude of oxygen uptake kinetic; and (ii) decrease in total metabolic energy. Regarding the aerobic and anaerobic percentage contribution, as expected, as the intensity of the exercise increased, the aerobic percentage decreased, in turn, the anaerobic component increased.
- Influência da amamentação no desenvolvimento motor de crianças dos 12 aos 48 mesesPublication . Rebelo, Miguel; Serrano, João; Duarte-Mendes, Pedro; Paulo, Rui; Marinho, DanielO objetivo deste estudo foi verificar se existem diferenças no desenvolvimento das habilidades motoras (global e fina) comparando crianças que foram ou não amamentadas por leite materno. A amostra é de 204 crianças de ambos os sexos (33,22 ± 5,98 meses), 106 amamentadas por leite materno (33,59 ± 4,92 meses) e 98 não amamentadas por leite materno (32,81 ± 6,95 meses). As habilidades motoras foram avaliadas usando as escalas da PDMS-2. Para a análise estatística, foi utilizado o teste de Kolmogorov- Smirnov para testar a normalidade, o teste de Mann-Whitney para amostras independentes. Houve diferenças estatisticamente significantes nas habilidades de locomoção (p = 0,012), manipulação de objetos (p = 0,042), manipulação fina (p = 0,000), integração visuo-motora (p = 0,000) e na Motricidade Global (p = 0,026). As crianças amamentadas apresentaram, em média, melhores resultados nas habilidades motoras globais e as que não foram amamentadas por leite materno nas habilidades motoras finas. Estes resultados mostram que o leite materno, devido aos seus benefícios nutricionais, imunológicos, psicológicos e sociais, torna a criança mais "forte" a nível motor global (correr, saltar, lançar, pontapear), já as sem leite materno apresentaram melhores resultados nas habilidades motoras finas, provavelmente pela necessidade inicial que estes têm na manipulação inicial dos movimentos finos ao manusear a biberão.
- Diferenças nas habilidades motoras em crianças entre os 12 e os 23 meses, considerando o tempo da amamentaçãoPublication . Rebelo, Miguel; Serrano, João; Petrica, João; Faustino, António; Duarte-Mendes, Pedro; Paulo, Rui; Marinho, DanielO objetivo deste estudo foi verificar se existem diferenças no desenvolvimento das habilidades motoras (globais e finas) comparando crianças que ainda eram amamentadas por leite materno com as que já não eram ou nunca foram amamentadas. A amostra é de 153 crianças de ambos os sexos (18,22±2,98 meses), 58 ainda são amamentadas por leite materno (17,59±1,92 meses) e 95 já não são amamentadas por leite materno ou nunca foram (19,81±2,95 meses). As habilidades motoras foram avaliadas usando as escalas da PDMS-2. Houve diferenças estatisticamente significantes nas habilidades de locomoção, manipulação fina, integração visuo-motora e na Motricidade Fina. As crianças ainda amamentadas apresentaram, em média, melhores resultados em todas as habilidades motoras, com mais enfase nas habilidades motoras finas. Estes resultados mostram que continuar a amamentar a criança com leite materno pode trazer benefícios, não só nutricionais, imunológicos, psicológicos e sociais(1), mas também na competência motora. O que reforça a sugestão da OMS da importância de continuar-se a implementar medidas que promovam um maior sucesso do aleitamento materno(1), nomeadamente na duração da amamentação após os 6 meses de idade(2).
- Comparação entre géneros nas modalidades do Imagery (cinestésica, visual interna e visual externa) em participantes de basquetebolPublication . Duarte-Mendes, Pedro; Silva, Luís Miguel Correia da; Marinho, Daniel; Petrica, João; Silveira, PauloAtualmente, tem-se verificado uma grande preocupação por parte dos profissionais do desporto em desenvolver e implementar estratégias e técnicas de aperfeiçoamento motor, com o objetivo de otimizar os gestos técnicos desportivos e consequentemente a performance do atleta. Desta forma, o Imagery pode servir como uma metodologia complementar para a melhoria do processo ensino-aprendizagem de habilidades e destrezas motoras, assim como o seu nível de performance. Apesar de se registarem vários estudos sobre o Imagery, poucos são os que abordam a temática que pretendemos investigar relativamente à comparação de géneros e dentro da modalidade proposta.
- Effect of siblings and type of delivery on the development of motor skills in the first 48 months of lifePublication . Rebelo, Miguel; Serrano, João; Duarte-Mendes, Pedro; Paulo, Rui; Marinho, DanielThis study aimed to verify whether the presence of siblings and the type of delivery had an influence on the motor skills development of children in the first 48 months of life. We developed a quantitative study with a sample of 405 children of both genders, divided according to the studied variables: children with siblings, children without siblings, children born via eutocic delivery, and children born via dystocic delivery. The instrument used in the study was the Peabody Developmental Motor Scales-2. Overall, the results indicated that children who had siblings had, on average, better outcomes regarding all motor skills (global and fine). Furthermore, those born via eutocic delivery, on average, had better outcomes regarding all motor skills (global and fine) when compared to children born via dystocic delivery. Thus, the presence of siblings in the family context and the type of delivery positively influenced motor development, especially after 24 months of age, showing that the presence of siblings providing cooperative activities through play and challenges improved cognitive, social, emotional, and physical development. Furthermore, a eutocic delivery, in addition to providing a better recovery from labor and the immediate a ective bond between mother and child, also led to better results in terms of global and fine motor skills.
- Evaluation of the psychometric properties of the portuguese peabody developmental motor scales - 2 edition: a study with children aged 12 to 48 monthsPublication . Rebelo, Miguel; Serrano, João; Duarte-Mendes, Pedro; Monteiro, Diogo; Paulo, Rui; Marinho, DanielThe purpose of this study was to examine the psychometric properties of Peabody Developmental Motor Scales II (PDMS-2-Folio and Fewell, 2000) using a Portuguese sample. The validation of the Portuguese version of the PDMS-2 was applied according to the manual, for 392 children, from two institutions, from 12 to 48 months, with an analysis of the internal consistency (α Cronbach), of test–retest reliability (ICC) and construct validity (confirmatory factor analysis). The results of the confirmatory factorial analysis (χ2 = 55.614; df = 4; p = 0.06; χ2/df =13.904; SRMR (Standardized Root Mean Square Residual) = 0.065; CFI (Comparative Fit Index) = 0.99, TLI = 0.99, RMSEA (Root Mean Square Error of Approximation) = 0.068) of two factors (Gross Motor and Fine Motor) as the original version but correlated. Most of the subtests had good internal consistency (α = 0.85) and good test–retest stability (ICC = 0.98 to 0.99). The results indicated that the Portuguese version of the PDMS-2 is adequate and valid for assessing global and fine motor skills in children aged 12 to 48 months, and can be used as a reference tool by health and education professionals to assess motor skills and, thus, allowing to detect maladjustments, deficiencies or precocity, so that children can later receive appropriate intervention.
- Recomendações para o treino de força em idosos: uma breve revisão da literaturaPublication . Silva, Fernanda; Duarte-Mendes, Pedro; Ramalho, André; Marinho, DanielO propósito deste estudo foi identificar as recomendações gerais para o treino de força na população idosa. A presente revisão de literatura foi efetuada a partir das bases de dados PubMed, Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal, assim como em livros e artigos científicos que indicassem as recomendações do treino de força em idosos quanto à sua frequência, intensidade e volume. Quanto às recomendações do treino de força, as organizações internacionais de saúde e a literatura científica são unânimes ao recomendarem a sua incorporação nos programas de exercício físico. Desta forma, o treino de força deverá ser realizado no mínimo 2 vezes por semana, a uma intensidade superior a 60% de 1RM, entre 1 a 4 séries de 8 a 15 repetições de 8 a 10 exercícios, durante 20 a 30 minutos, devendo ser solicitado os principais grupos musculares.
- The comparison of Imagery ability in elite, sub-elite and non-elite swimmersPublication . Duarte-Mendes, Pedro; Marinho, Daniel; Monteiro, Diogo; Cid, Luís; Paulo, Rui; Serrano, João; Petrica, JoãoThe ability to generate and control mental images is present in all of us, but it differs from person to person. Therefore, it is important to understand that imagery ability can be changed through training and experimentation, it is not a fixed ability. The aim of this study is to compare imagery ability in elite, sub-elite and non-elite athletes in a sport which involves closed and continuous motor skills, such as swimming. 79 swimmers (male N = 37; female N = 42) at an average age of 17 took part in this study. In order to assess imagery ability, the Movement Imagery Questionnaire 3 was used, Portuguese version (Mendes et al., 2016). After analysis of the results, these show that in each and every imagery modality, the scores in the three groups differ significantly. In kinesthetic and external visual imagery the elite and sub-elite groups’ scores, although not statistically different from each other, are significantly higher than those of the non-elite group. In internal visual imagery, the differences between all the compared pairs of groups are statistically significant. The elite group got the highest scores, followed by the sub-elite group average scores and finally the non-elite group average scores. According to these results, the conclusion is that athletes with better performance show greater imagery ability and that apparently the external visual imagery proved to be the best intervention method among swimming athletes.